#include <linux/quotaops.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
 #include <linux/ext4_fs_extents.h>
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 
                } else if (path->p_ext) {
                        ext_debug("  %d:%d:%llu ",
                                  le32_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_block),
-                                 le16_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_len),
+                                 ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path->p_ext),
                                  ext_pblock(path->p_ext));
                } else
                        ext_debug("  []");
 
        for (i = 0; i < le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries); i++, ex++) {
                ext_debug("%d:%d:%llu ", le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                         le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len), ext_pblock(ex));
+                         ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex), ext_pblock(ex));
        }
        ext_debug("\n");
 }
        ext_debug("  -> %d:%llu:%d ",
                        le32_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_block),
                        ext_pblock(path->p_ext),
-                       le16_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_len));
+                       ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path->p_ext));
 
 #ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH
        {
                ext_debug("move %d:%llu:%d in new leaf %llu\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(path[depth].p_ext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(path[depth].p_ext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(path[depth].p_ext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path[depth].p_ext),
                                newblock);
                /*memmove(ex++, path[depth].p_ext++,
                                sizeof(struct ext4_extent));
 ext4_can_extents_be_merged(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_extent *ex1,
                                struct ext4_extent *ex2)
 {
-       if (le32_to_cpu(ex1->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) !=
+       unsigned short ext1_ee_len, ext2_ee_len;
+
+       /*
+        * Make sure that either both extents are uninitialized, or
+        * both are _not_.
+        */
+       if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex1) ^ ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex2))
+               return 0;
+
+       ext1_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex1);
+       ext2_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex2);
+
+       if (le32_to_cpu(ex1->ee_block) + ext1_ee_len !=
                        le32_to_cpu(ex2->ee_block))
                return 0;
 
         * as an RO_COMPAT feature, refuse to merge to extents if
         * this can result in the top bit of ee_len being set.
         */
-       if (le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) + le16_to_cpu(ex2->ee_len) > EXT_MAX_LEN)
+       if (ext1_ee_len + ext2_ee_len > EXT_MAX_LEN)
                return 0;
 #ifdef AGGRESSIVE_TEST
        if (le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) >= 4)
                return 0;
 #endif
 
-       if (ext_pblock(ex1) + le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) == ext_pblock(ex2))
+       if (ext_pblock(ex1) + ext1_ee_len == ext_pblock(ex2))
                return 1;
        return 0;
 }
        unsigned int ret = 0;
 
        b1 = le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block);
-       len1 = le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len);
+       len1 = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext);
        depth = ext_depth(inode);
        if (!path[depth].p_ext)
                goto out;
        struct ext4_extent *nearex; /* nearest extent */
        struct ext4_ext_path *npath = NULL;
        int depth, len, err, next;
+       unsigned uninitialized = 0;
 
-       BUG_ON(newext->ee_len == 0);
+       BUG_ON(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext) == 0);
        depth = ext_depth(inode);
        ex = path[depth].p_ext;
        BUG_ON(path[depth].p_hdr == NULL);
        /* try to insert block into found extent and return */
        if (ex && ext4_can_extents_be_merged(inode, ex, newext)) {
                ext_debug("append %d block to %d:%d (from %llu)\n",
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len), ext_pblock(ex));
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex), ext_pblock(ex));
                err = ext4_ext_get_access(handle, inode, path + depth);
                if (err)
                        return err;
-               ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)
-                                        + le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len));
+
+               /*
+                * ext4_can_extents_be_merged should have checked that either
+                * both extents are uninitialized, or both aren't. Thus we
+                * need to check only one of them here.
+                */
+               if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+                       uninitialized = 1;
+               ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)
+                                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext));
+               if (uninitialized)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex);
                eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
                nearex = ex;
                goto merge;
                ext_debug("first extent in the leaf: %d:%llu:%d\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(newext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len));
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext));
                path[depth].p_ext = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
        } else if (le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block)
                           > le32_to_cpu(nearex->ee_block)) {
                                        "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                        le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                        ext_pblock(newext),
-                                       le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                                       ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                        nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
                        memmove(nearex + 2, nearex + 1, len);
                }
                                "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(newext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
                memmove(nearex + 1, nearex, len);
                path[depth].p_ext = nearex;
                if (!ext4_can_extents_be_merged(inode, nearex, nearex + 1))
                        break;
                /* merge with next extent! */
-               nearex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(nearex->ee_len)
-                                            + le16_to_cpu(nearex[1].ee_len));
+               if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(nearex))
+                       uninitialized = 1;
+               nearex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(nearex)
+                                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(nearex + 1));
+               if (uninitialized)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(nearex);
+
                if (nearex + 1 < EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
                        len = (EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh) - nearex - 1)
                                        * sizeof(struct ext4_extent);
                        end = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
                        if (block + num < end)
                                end = block + num;
-               } else if (block >=
-                            le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)) {
+               } else if (block >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
+                                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)) {
                        /* need to allocate space after found extent */
                        start = block;
                        end = block + num;
                         * by found extent
                         */
                        start = block;
-                       end = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+                       end = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
+                               + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
                        if (block + num < end)
                                end = block + num;
                        exists = 1;
                        cbex.ec_type = EXT4_EXT_CACHE_GAP;
                } else {
                        cbex.ec_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-                       cbex.ec_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+                       cbex.ec_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
                        cbex.ec_start = ext_pblock(ex);
                        cbex.ec_type = EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT;
                }
                ext_debug("cache gap(before): %lu [%lu:%lu]",
                                (unsigned long) block,
                                (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               (unsigned long) le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+                               (unsigned long) ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex));
        } else if (block >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                           + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)) {
+                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)) {
                lblock = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                        + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
                len = ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
                ext_debug("cache gap(after): [%lu:%lu] %lu",
                                (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               (unsigned long) le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len),
+                               (unsigned long) ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex),
                                (unsigned long) block);
                BUG_ON(len == lblock);
                len = len - lblock;
                                unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
+       unsigned short ee_len =  ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
        int i;
 
 #ifdef EXTENTS_STATS
        {
                struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb);
-               unsigned short ee_len =  le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
                spin_lock(&sbi->s_ext_stats_lock);
                sbi->s_ext_blocks += ee_len;
                sbi->s_ext_extents++;
        }
 #endif
        if (from >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-           && to == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - 1) {
+           && to == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - 1) {
                /* tail removal */
                unsigned long num;
                ext4_fsblk_t start;
-               num = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - from;
-               start = ext_pblock(ex) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - num;
+               num = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - from;
+               start = ext_pblock(ex) + ee_len - num;
                ext_debug("free last %lu blocks starting %llu\n", num, start);
                for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                        bh = sb_find_get_block(inode->i_sb, start + i);
                }
                ext4_free_blocks(handle, inode, start, num);
        } else if (from == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                  && to <= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - 1) {
+                  && to <= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - 1) {
                printk("strange request: removal %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
-                      from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+                       from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), ee_len);
        } else {
                printk("strange request: removal(2) %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
-                      from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+                       from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), ee_len);
        }
        return 0;
 }
        unsigned a, b, block, num;
        unsigned long ex_ee_block;
        unsigned short ex_ee_len;
+       unsigned uninitialized = 0;
        struct ext4_extent *ex;
 
        ext_debug("truncate since %lu in leaf\n", start);
        ex = EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh);
 
        ex_ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-       ex_ee_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+       if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+               uninitialized = 1;
+       ex_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
 
        while (ex >= EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh) &&
                        ex_ee_block + ex_ee_len > start) {
 
                ex->ee_block = cpu_to_le32(block);
                ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(num);
+               if (uninitialized)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex);
 
                err = ext4_ext_dirty(handle, inode, path + depth);
                if (err)
                                ext_pblock(ex));
                ex--;
                ex_ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-               ex_ee_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+               ex_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
        }
 
        if (correct_index && eh->eh_entries)
        if (ex) {
                unsigned long ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
                ext4_fsblk_t ee_start = ext_pblock(ex);
-               unsigned short ee_len  = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+               unsigned short ee_len;
 
                /*
                 * Allow future support for preallocated extents to be added
                 * Uninitialized extents are treated as holes, except that
                 * we avoid (fail) allocating new blocks during a write.
                 */
-               if (ee_len > EXT_MAX_LEN)
+               if (le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) > EXT_MAX_LEN)
                        goto out2;
+               ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
                /* if found extent covers block, simply return it */
                if (iblock >= ee_block && iblock < ee_block + ee_len) {
                        newblock = iblock - ee_block + ee_start;
                        allocated = ee_len - (iblock - ee_block);
                        ext_debug("%d fit into %lu:%d -> %llu\n", (int) iblock,
                                        ee_block, ee_len, newblock);
-                       ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, ee_block, ee_len,
-                                               ee_start, EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
+                       /* Do not put uninitialized extent in the cache */
+                       if (!ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+                               ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, ee_block,
+                                                       ee_len, ee_start,
+                                                       EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        /* try to insert new extent into found leaf and return */
        ext4_ext_store_pblock(&newex, newblock);
        newex.ee_len = cpu_to_le16(allocated);
+       if (create == EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)  /* Mark uninitialized */
+               ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(&newex);
        err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, inode, path, &newex);
        if (err) {
                /* free data blocks we just allocated */
        newblock = ext_pblock(&newex);
        __set_bit(BH_New, &bh_result->b_state);
 
-       ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, iblock, allocated, newblock,
-                               EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
+       /* Cache only when it is _not_ an uninitialized extent */
+       if (create != EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)
+               ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, iblock, allocated, newblock,
+                                               EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
 out:
        if (allocated > max_blocks)
                allocated = max_blocks;
 
        return needed;
 }
+
+/*
+ * preallocate space for a file. This implements ext4's fallocate inode
+ * operation, which gets called from sys_fallocate system call.
+ * For block-mapped files, posix_fallocate should fall back to the method
+ * of writing zeroes to the required new blocks (the same behavior which is
+ * expected for file systems which do not support fallocate() system call).
+ */
+long ext4_fallocate(struct inode *inode, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
+{
+       handle_t *handle;
+       ext4_fsblk_t block, max_blocks;
+       ext4_fsblk_t nblocks = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
+       int ret2 = 0;
+       int retries = 0;
+       struct buffer_head map_bh;
+       unsigned int credits, blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
+
+       /*
+        * currently supporting (pre)allocate mode for extent-based
+        * files _only_
+        */
+       if (!(EXT4_I(inode)->i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL))
+               return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+       /* preallocation to directories is currently not supported */
+       if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+               return -ENODEV;
+
+       block = offset >> blkbits;
+       max_blocks = (EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(len + offset, blkbits) >> blkbits)
+                       - block;
+
+       /*
+        * credits to insert 1 extent into extent tree + buffers to be able to
+        * modify 1 super block, 1 block bitmap and 1 group descriptor.
+        */
+       credits = EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb) + 3;
+retry:
+       while (ret >= 0 && ret < max_blocks) {
+               block = block + ret;
+               max_blocks = max_blocks - ret;
+               handle = ext4_journal_start(inode, credits);
+               if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+                       ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               ret = ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle, inode, block,
+                                         max_blocks, &map_bh,
+                                         EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT, 0);
+               WARN_ON(!ret);
+               if (!ret) {
+                       ext4_error(inode->i_sb, "ext4_fallocate",
+                                  "ext4_ext_get_blocks returned 0! inode#%lu"
+                                  ", block=%llu, max_blocks=%llu",
+                                  inode->i_ino, block, max_blocks);
+                       ret = -EIO;
+                       ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+                       ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (ret > 0) {
+                       /* check wrap through sign-bit/zero here */
+                       if ((block + ret) < 0 || (block + ret) < block) {
+                               ret = -EIO;
+                               ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+                               ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (buffer_new(&map_bh) && ((block + ret) >
+                           (EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(i_size_read(inode), blkbits)
+                           >> blkbits)))
+                                       nblocks = nblocks + ret;
+               }
+
+               /* Update ctime if new blocks get allocated */
+               if (nblocks) {
+                       struct timespec now;
+
+                       now = current_fs_time(inode->i_sb);
+                       if (!timespec_equal(&inode->i_ctime, &now))
+                               inode->i_ctime = now;
+               }
+
+               ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+               ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+               if (ret2)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (ret == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(inode->i_sb, &retries))
+               goto retry;
+
+       /*
+        * Time to update the file size.
+        * Update only when preallocation was requested beyond the file size.
+        */
+       if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) &&
+           (offset + len) > i_size_read(inode)) {
+               if (ret > 0) {
+                       /*
+                        * if no error, we assume preallocation succeeded
+                        * completely
+                        */
+                       mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+                       i_size_write(inode, offset + len);
+                       EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = i_size_read(inode);
+                       mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+               } else if (ret < 0 && nblocks) {
+                       /* Handle partial allocation scenario */
+                       loff_t newsize;
+
+                       mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+                       newsize  = (nblocks << blkbits) + i_size_read(inode);
+                       i_size_write(inode, EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(newsize, blkbits));
+                       EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = i_size_read(inode);
+                       mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return ret > 0 ? ret2 : ret;
+}