MODULE_PARM_DESC(wssdma, "DMA for CMI8330 WSS driver.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
 #endif
 
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_cmi8330_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&cmi8330_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_cmi8330_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&cmi8330_pnpc_driver);
+
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_cmi8330_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_cmi8330_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_cmi8330_init)
 
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dma2, "DMA2 # for " IDENT " driver.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnpc_registered;
 #ifdef CS4232
 static int pnp_registered;
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&cs423x_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
 #ifdef CS4232
        err = pnp_register_driver(&cs4232_pnp_driver);
        if (!err)
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&cs423x_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnpc_registered = 1;
-#endif /* CONFIG_PNP */
-       return 0;
+#ifdef CS4232
+       if (pnp_registered)
+               err = 0;
+#endif
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
+#endif
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_cs423x_exit(void)
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_driver(&cs4232_pnp_driver);
 #endif
-#endif /* CONFIG_PNP */
-       isa_unregister_driver(&cs423x_isa_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
+#endif
+               isa_unregister_driver(&cs423x_isa_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_cs423x_init)
 
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dma2, "DMA 2 # for ES18xx driver.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
-static int pnp_registered, pnpc_registered;
+static int isa_registered;
+static int pnp_registered;
+static int pnpc_registered;
 
 static struct pnp_device_id snd_audiodrive_pnpbiosids[] = {
        { .id = "ESS1869" },
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_es18xx_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_driver(&es18xx_pnp_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&es18xx_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnpc_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered || pnp_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_es18xx_exit(void)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&es18xx_pnpc_driver);
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_driver(&es18xx_pnp_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_es18xx_isa_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_es18xx_isa_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_es18xx_init)
 
 
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
 
 static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_interwave_pnpids[] = {
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_interwave_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
-       /* ISA PnP cards */
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&interwave_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_interwave_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&interwave_pnpc_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_interwave_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_interwave_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_interwave_init)
 
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(opl3sa3_ymode, "Speaker size selection for 3D Enhancement mode: Desktop/Large Notebook/Small Notebook/HiFi.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
 static int pnpc_registered;
 #endif
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_opl3sa2_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_driver(&opl3sa2_pnp_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&opl3sa2_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnpc_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered || pnp_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_opl3sa2_exit(void)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&opl3sa2_pnpc_driver);
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_driver(&opl3sa2_pnp_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_opl3sa2_isa_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_opl3sa2_isa_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_opl3sa2_init)
 
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
 #endif
 
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_sb16_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
-       /* PnP cards at last */
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&sb16_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_sb16_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&sb16_pnpc_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_sb16_isa_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_sb16_isa_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_sb16_init)
 
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dma, "DMA # for SoundScape driver.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
+
 static struct pnp_card_device_id sscape_pnpids[] = {
        { .id = "ENS3081", .devs = { { "ENS0000" } } },
        { .id = "" }    /* end */
 
 static int __init sscape_init(void)
 {
-       int ret;
+       int err;
 
-       /*
-        * First check whether we were passed any parameters.
-        * These MUST take precedence over ANY automatic way
-        * of allocating cards, because the operator is
-        * S-P-E-L-L-I-N-G it out for us...
-        */
-       ret = isa_register_driver(&snd_sscape_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
+       err = isa_register_driver(&snd_sscape_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
-       if (pnp_register_card_driver(&sscape_pnpc_driver) == 0)
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
+       err = pnp_register_card_driver(&sscape_pnpc_driver);
+       if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit sscape_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&sscape_pnpc_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_sscape_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_sscape_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(sscape_init);
 
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(use_cs4232_midi, "Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface (inaccessibly located inside your computer)");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static int isa_registered;
 static int pnp_registered;
 
 static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_wavefront_pnpids[] = {
        int err;
 
        err = isa_register_driver(&snd_wavefront_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
-       if (err < 0)
-               return err;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+       if (!err)
+               isa_registered = 1;
+
        err = pnp_register_card_driver(&wavefront_pnpc_driver);
        if (!err)
                pnp_registered = 1;
+
+       if (isa_registered)
+               err = 0;
 #endif
-       return 0;
+       return err;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_card_wavefront_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
        if (pnp_registered)
                pnp_unregister_card_driver(&wavefront_pnpc_driver);
+       if (isa_registered)
 #endif
-       isa_unregister_driver(&snd_wavefront_driver);
+               isa_unregister_driver(&snd_wavefront_driver);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_card_wavefront_init)