]> www.pilppa.org Git - linux-2.6-omap-h63xx.git/commitdiff
Merge branch 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/~dedekind/ubi-2.6
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fri, 2 Jan 2009 23:57:26 +0000 (15:57 -0800)
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fri, 2 Jan 2009 23:57:26 +0000 (15:57 -0800)
* 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/~dedekind/ubi-2.6:
  UBI: fix checkpatch.pl warnings
  UBI: simplify PEB protection code
  UBI: prepare for protection tree improvements
  UBI: return -ENOMEM upon failing vmalloc
  UBI: document UBI ioctls
  UBI: handle write errors in WL worker
  UBI: fix error path
  UBI: some code re-structuring
  UBI: fix deadlock
  UBI: fix warnings when debugging is enabled

Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt
drivers/mtd/ubi/build.c
drivers/mtd/ubi/cdev.c
drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.h
drivers/mtd/ubi/eba.c
drivers/mtd/ubi/io.c
drivers/mtd/ubi/ubi.h
drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c

index b880ce5dbd33f2b08b5bd0affbb685b6ec59759b..824699174436d9a49912873196e27f0d2a51c49a 100644 (file)
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Code  Seq#    Include File            Comments
                                        <http://linux01.gwdg.de/~alatham/ppdd.html>
 'M'    all     linux/soundcard.h
 'N'    00-1F   drivers/usb/scanner.h
+'O'     00-02   include/mtd/ubi-user.h UBI
 'P'    all     linux/soundcard.h
 'Q'    all     linux/soundcard.h
 'R'    00-1F   linux/random.h
@@ -142,6 +143,9 @@ Code        Seq#    Include File            Comments
 'n'    00-7F   linux/ncp_fs.h
 'n'    E0-FF   video/matrox.h          matroxfb
 'o'    00-1F   fs/ocfs2/ocfs2_fs.h     OCFS2
+'o'     00-03   include/mtd/ubi-user.h  conflict! (OCFS2 and UBI overlaps)
+'o'     40-41   include/mtd/ubi-user.h  UBI
+'o'     01-A1   include/linux/dvb/*.h DVB
 'p'    00-0F   linux/phantom.h         conflict! (OpenHaptics needs this)
 'p'    00-3F   linux/mc146818rtc.h     conflict!
 'p'    40-7F   linux/nvram.h
index c7630a2283109a39d8289cf114f748bd9770cd8f..ba0bd3d5775be9933a0e3da5e15cf8caf366bf6d 100644 (file)
@@ -815,19 +815,20 @@ int ubi_attach_mtd_dev(struct mtd_info *mtd, int ubi_num, int vid_hdr_offset)
        if (err)
                goto out_free;
 
+       err = -ENOMEM;
        ubi->peb_buf1 = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
        if (!ubi->peb_buf1)
                goto out_free;
 
        ubi->peb_buf2 = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
        if (!ubi->peb_buf2)
-                goto out_free;
+               goto out_free;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_DEBUG
        mutex_init(&ubi->dbg_buf_mutex);
        ubi->dbg_peb_buf = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
        if (!ubi->dbg_peb_buf)
-                goto out_free;
+               goto out_free;
 #endif
 
        err = attach_by_scanning(ubi);
index b30a0b83d7f193ab5cf29ad20cbd7c7e44669f22..98cf31ed081438fc8ee05521cc7bc8c07f82a45d 100644 (file)
@@ -721,7 +721,8 @@ static int rename_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi,
                 * It seems we need to remove volume with name @re->new_name,
                 * if it exists.
                 */
-               desc = ubi_open_volume_nm(ubi->ubi_num, re->new_name, UBI_EXCLUSIVE);
+               desc = ubi_open_volume_nm(ubi->ubi_num, re->new_name,
+                                         UBI_EXCLUSIVE);
                if (IS_ERR(desc)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(desc);
                        if (err == -ENODEV)
index 78e914d23ece835d597e0c10c753965fed3d5e31..13777e5beac93344ae759aa2ea0176c796e97d1d 100644 (file)
 #define dbg_err(fmt, ...) ubi_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define ubi_assert(expr)  do {                                               \
-        if (unlikely(!(expr))) {                                             \
-                printk(KERN_CRIT "UBI assert failed in %s at %u (pid %d)\n", \
-                       __func__, __LINE__, current->pid);                    \
-                ubi_dbg_dump_stack();                                        \
-        }                                                                    \
+       if (unlikely(!(expr))) {                                             \
+               printk(KERN_CRIT "UBI assert failed in %s at %u (pid %d)\n", \
+                      __func__, __LINE__, current->pid);                    \
+               ubi_dbg_dump_stack();                                        \
+       }                                                                    \
 } while (0)
 
 #define dbg_msg(fmt, ...)                                    \
index d8966bae0e0b85ea2810dd094828ddedf1e7cf6a..048a606cebde26018893ab87863b8440f4da5367 100644 (file)
@@ -504,12 +504,9 @@ static int recover_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum, int vol_id, int lnum,
        if (!vid_hdr)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
-       mutex_lock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
-
 retry:
        new_pnum = ubi_wl_get_peb(ubi, UBI_UNKNOWN);
        if (new_pnum < 0) {
-               mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
                ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
                return new_pnum;
        }
@@ -529,20 +526,23 @@ retry:
                goto write_error;
 
        data_size = offset + len;
+       mutex_lock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
        memset(ubi->peb_buf1 + offset, 0xFF, len);
 
        /* Read everything before the area where the write failure happened */
        if (offset > 0) {
                err = ubi_io_read_data(ubi, ubi->peb_buf1, pnum, 0, offset);
                if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
-                       goto out_put;
+                       goto out_unlock;
        }
 
        memcpy(ubi->peb_buf1 + offset, buf, len);
 
        err = ubi_io_write_data(ubi, ubi->peb_buf1, new_pnum, 0, data_size);
-       if (err)
+       if (err) {
+               mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
                goto write_error;
+       }
 
        mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
        ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
@@ -553,8 +553,9 @@ retry:
        ubi_msg("data was successfully recovered");
        return 0;
 
-out_put:
+out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
+out_put:
        ubi_wl_put_peb(ubi, new_pnum, 1);
        ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
        return err;
@@ -567,7 +568,6 @@ write_error:
        ubi_warn("failed to write to PEB %d", new_pnum);
        ubi_wl_put_peb(ubi, new_pnum, 1);
        if (++tries > UBI_IO_RETRIES) {
-               mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
                ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
                return err;
        }
@@ -949,10 +949,14 @@ write_error:
  * This function copies logical eraseblock from physical eraseblock @from to
  * physical eraseblock @to. The @vid_hdr buffer may be changed by this
  * function. Returns:
- *   o %0  in case of success;
- *   o %1 if the operation was canceled and should be tried later (e.g.,
- *     because a bit-flip was detected at the target PEB);
- *   o %2 if the volume is being deleted and this LEB should not be moved.
+ *   o %0 in case of success;
+ *   o %1 if the operation was canceled because the volume is being deleted
+ *        or because the PEB was put meanwhile;
+ *   o %2 if the operation was canceled because there was a write error to the
+ *        target PEB;
+ *   o %-EAGAIN if the operation was canceled because a bit-flip was detected
+ *     in the target PEB;
+ *   o a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
                     struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr)
@@ -978,7 +982,7 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
        /*
         * Note, we may race with volume deletion, which means that the volume
         * this logical eraseblock belongs to might be being deleted. Since the
-        * volume deletion unmaps all the volume's logical eraseblocks, it will
+        * volume deletion un-maps all the volume's logical eraseblocks, it will
         * be locked in 'ubi_wl_put_peb()' and wait for the WL worker to finish.
         */
        vol = ubi->volumes[idx];
@@ -986,7 +990,7 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
                /* No need to do further work, cancel */
                dbg_eba("volume %d is being removed, cancel", vol_id);
                spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
-               return 2;
+               return 1;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
 
@@ -1023,7 +1027,7 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
 
        /*
         * OK, now the LEB is locked and we can safely start moving it. Since
-        * this function utilizes thie @ubi->peb1_buf buffer which is shared
+        * this function utilizes the @ubi->peb1_buf buffer which is shared
         * with some other functions, so lock the buffer by taking the
         * @ubi->buf_mutex.
         */
@@ -1068,8 +1072,11 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
        vid_hdr->sqnum = cpu_to_be64(next_sqnum(ubi));
 
        err = ubi_io_write_vid_hdr(ubi, to, vid_hdr);
-       if (err)
+       if (err) {
+               if (err == -EIO)
+                       err = 2;
                goto out_unlock_buf;
+       }
 
        cond_resched();
 
@@ -1079,14 +1086,17 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
                if (err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
                        ubi_warn("cannot read VID header back from PEB %d", to);
                else
-                       err = 1;
+                       err = -EAGAIN;
                goto out_unlock_buf;
        }
 
        if (data_size > 0) {
                err = ubi_io_write_data(ubi, ubi->peb_buf1, to, 0, aldata_size);
-               if (err)
+               if (err) {
+                       if (err == -EIO)
+                               err = 2;
                        goto out_unlock_buf;
+               }
 
                cond_resched();
 
@@ -1101,15 +1111,16 @@ int ubi_eba_copy_leb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int from, int to,
                                ubi_warn("cannot read data back from PEB %d",
                                         to);
                        else
-                               err = 1;
+                               err = -EAGAIN;
                        goto out_unlock_buf;
                }
 
                cond_resched();
 
                if (memcmp(ubi->peb_buf1, ubi->peb_buf2, aldata_size)) {
-                       ubi_warn("read data back from PEB %d - it is different",
-                                to);
+                       ubi_warn("read data back from PEB %d and it is "
+                                "different", to);
+                       err = -EINVAL;
                        goto out_unlock_buf;
                }
        }
index 2fb64be44f1bab1efde6fd48988b8b22dabd5f39..a74118c05745f000fe317689a8b4824506a4f28d 100644 (file)
@@ -637,8 +637,6 @@ int ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
 
        dbg_io("read EC header from PEB %d", pnum);
        ubi_assert(pnum >= 0 && pnum < ubi->peb_count);
-       if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
-               verbose = 1;
 
        err = ubi_io_read(ubi, ec_hdr, pnum, 0, UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE);
        if (err) {
@@ -685,6 +683,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        if (verbose)
                                ubi_warn("no EC header found at PEB %d, "
                                         "only 0xFF bytes", pnum);
+                       else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                               dbg_msg("no EC header found at PEB %d, "
+                                       "only 0xFF bytes", pnum);
                        return UBI_IO_PEB_EMPTY;
                }
 
@@ -696,7 +697,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        ubi_warn("bad magic number at PEB %d: %08x instead of "
                                 "%08x", pnum, magic, UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC);
                        ubi_dbg_dump_ec_hdr(ec_hdr);
-               }
+               } else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                       dbg_msg("bad magic number at PEB %d: %08x instead of "
+                               "%08x", pnum, magic, UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC);
                return UBI_IO_BAD_EC_HDR;
        }
 
@@ -708,7 +711,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        ubi_warn("bad EC header CRC at PEB %d, calculated "
                                 "%#08x, read %#08x", pnum, crc, hdr_crc);
                        ubi_dbg_dump_ec_hdr(ec_hdr);
-               }
+               } else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                       dbg_msg("bad EC header CRC at PEB %d, calculated "
+                               "%#08x, read %#08x", pnum, crc, hdr_crc);
                return UBI_IO_BAD_EC_HDR;
        }
 
@@ -912,8 +917,6 @@ int ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
 
        dbg_io("read VID header from PEB %d", pnum);
        ubi_assert(pnum >= 0 &&  pnum < ubi->peb_count);
-       if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
-               verbose = 1;
 
        p = (char *)vid_hdr - ubi->vid_hdr_shift;
        err = ubi_io_read(ubi, p, pnum, ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset,
@@ -960,6 +963,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        if (verbose)
                                ubi_warn("no VID header found at PEB %d, "
                                         "only 0xFF bytes", pnum);
+                       else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                               dbg_msg("no VID header found at PEB %d, "
+                                       "only 0xFF bytes", pnum);
                        return UBI_IO_PEB_FREE;
                }
 
@@ -971,7 +977,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        ubi_warn("bad magic number at PEB %d: %08x instead of "
                                 "%08x", pnum, magic, UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC);
                        ubi_dbg_dump_vid_hdr(vid_hdr);
-               }
+               } else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                       dbg_msg("bad magic number at PEB %d: %08x instead of "
+                               "%08x", pnum, magic, UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC);
                return UBI_IO_BAD_VID_HDR;
        }
 
@@ -983,7 +991,9 @@ int ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
                        ubi_warn("bad CRC at PEB %d, calculated %#08x, "
                                 "read %#08x", pnum, crc, hdr_crc);
                        ubi_dbg_dump_vid_hdr(vid_hdr);
-               }
+               } else if (UBI_IO_DEBUG)
+                       dbg_msg("bad CRC at PEB %d, calculated %#08x, "
+                               "read %#08x", pnum, crc, hdr_crc);
                return UBI_IO_BAD_VID_HDR;
        }
 
@@ -1024,7 +1034,7 @@ int ubi_io_write_vid_hdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum,
 
        err = paranoid_check_peb_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum);
        if (err)
-               return err > 0 ? -EINVAL: err;
+               return err > 0 ? -EINVAL : err;
 
        vid_hdr->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC);
        vid_hdr->version = UBI_VERSION;
index 1c3fa18c26a7f9fdbf1b0b6a0d2443d82a65745e..4a8ec485c91d97c76b2abd8fe63e5f82603d0313 100644 (file)
  */
 #define UBI_IO_RETRIES 3
 
+/*
+ * Length of the protection queue. The length is effectively equivalent to the
+ * number of (global) erase cycles PEBs are protected from the wear-leveling
+ * worker.
+ */
+#define UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN 10
+
 /*
  * Error codes returned by the I/O sub-system.
  *
@@ -95,7 +102,8 @@ enum {
 
 /**
  * struct ubi_wl_entry - wear-leveling entry.
- * @rb: link in the corresponding RB-tree
+ * @u.rb: link in the corresponding (free/used) RB-tree
+ * @u.list: link in the protection queue
  * @ec: erase counter
  * @pnum: physical eraseblock number
  *
@@ -104,7 +112,10 @@ enum {
  * RB-trees. See WL sub-system for details.
  */
 struct ubi_wl_entry {
-       struct rb_node rb;
+       union {
+               struct rb_node rb;
+               struct list_head list;
+       } u;
        int ec;
        int pnum;
 };
@@ -288,7 +299,7 @@ struct ubi_wl_entry;
  * @beb_rsvd_level: normal level of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling
  *
  * @autoresize_vol_id: ID of the volume which has to be auto-resized at the end
- *                     of UBI ititializetion
+ *                     of UBI initialization
  * @vtbl_slots: how many slots are available in the volume table
  * @vtbl_size: size of the volume table in bytes
  * @vtbl: in-RAM volume table copy
@@ -306,18 +317,17 @@ struct ubi_wl_entry;
  * @used: RB-tree of used physical eraseblocks
  * @free: RB-tree of free physical eraseblocks
  * @scrub: RB-tree of physical eraseblocks which need scrubbing
- * @prot: protection trees
- * @prot.pnum: protection tree indexed by physical eraseblock numbers
- * @prot.aec: protection tree indexed by absolute erase counter value
- * @wl_lock: protects the @used, @free, @prot, @lookuptbl, @abs_ec, @move_from,
- *           @move_to, @move_to_put @erase_pending, @wl_scheduled, and @works
- *           fields
+ * @pq: protection queue (contain physical eraseblocks which are temporarily
+ *      protected from the wear-leveling worker)
+ * @pq_head: protection queue head
+ * @wl_lock: protects the @used, @free, @pq, @pq_head, @lookuptbl, @move_from,
+ *          @move_to, @move_to_put @erase_pending, @wl_scheduled and @works
+ *          fields
  * @move_mutex: serializes eraseblock moves
- * @work_sem: sycnhronizes the WL worker with use tasks
+ * @work_sem: synchronizes the WL worker with use tasks
  * @wl_scheduled: non-zero if the wear-leveling was scheduled
  * @lookuptbl: a table to quickly find a &struct ubi_wl_entry object for any
  *             physical eraseblock
- * @abs_ec: absolute erase counter
  * @move_from: physical eraseblock from where the data is being moved
  * @move_to: physical eraseblock where the data is being moved to
  * @move_to_put: if the "to" PEB was put
@@ -351,11 +361,11 @@ struct ubi_wl_entry;
  *
  * @peb_buf1: a buffer of PEB size used for different purposes
  * @peb_buf2: another buffer of PEB size used for different purposes
- * @buf_mutex: proptects @peb_buf1 and @peb_buf2
+ * @buf_mutex: protects @peb_buf1 and @peb_buf2
  * @ckvol_mutex: serializes static volume checking when opening
- * @mult_mutex: serializes operations on multiple volumes, like re-nameing
+ * @mult_mutex: serializes operations on multiple volumes, like re-naming
  * @dbg_peb_buf: buffer of PEB size used for debugging
- * @dbg_buf_mutex: proptects @dbg_peb_buf
+ * @dbg_buf_mutex: protects @dbg_peb_buf
  */
 struct ubi_device {
        struct cdev cdev;
@@ -392,16 +402,13 @@ struct ubi_device {
        struct rb_root used;
        struct rb_root free;
        struct rb_root scrub;
-       struct {
-               struct rb_root pnum;
-               struct rb_root aec;
-       } prot;
+       struct list_head pq[UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN];
+       int pq_head;
        spinlock_t wl_lock;
        struct mutex move_mutex;
        struct rw_semaphore work_sem;
        int wl_scheduled;
        struct ubi_wl_entry **lookuptbl;
-       unsigned long long abs_ec;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *move_from;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *move_to;
        int move_to_put;
index dcb6dac1dc5446b4966d85ef8e6d8e1db5ed9dcb..14901cb82c184fb49d1c08e1713843df0171e7f5 100644 (file)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * UBI wear-leveling sub-system.
  *
  * This sub-system is responsible for wear-leveling. It works in terms of
- * physical* eraseblocks and erase counters and knows nothing about logical
+ * physical eraseblocks and erase counters and knows nothing about logical
  * eraseblocks, volumes, etc. From this sub-system's perspective all physical
  * eraseblocks are of two types - used and free. Used physical eraseblocks are
  * those that were "get" by the 'ubi_wl_get_peb()' function, and free physical
  *
  * As it was said, for the UBI sub-system all physical eraseblocks are either
  * "free" or "used". Free eraseblock are kept in the @wl->free RB-tree, while
- * used eraseblocks are kept in a set of different RB-trees: @wl->used,
- * @wl->prot.pnum, @wl->prot.aec, and @wl->scrub.
+ * used eraseblocks are kept in @wl->used or @wl->scrub RB-trees, or
+ * (temporarily) in the @wl->pq queue.
+ *
+ * When the WL sub-system returns a physical eraseblock, the physical
+ * eraseblock is protected from being moved for some "time". For this reason,
+ * the physical eraseblock is not directly moved from the @wl->free tree to the
+ * @wl->used tree. There is a protection queue in between where this
+ * physical eraseblock is temporarily stored (@wl->pq).
+ *
+ * All this protection stuff is needed because:
+ *  o we don't want to move physical eraseblocks just after we have given them
+ *    to the user; instead, we first want to let users fill them up with data;
+ *
+ *  o there is a chance that the user will put the physical eraseblock very
+ *    soon, so it makes sense not to move it for some time, but wait; this is
+ *    especially important in case of "short term" physical eraseblocks.
+ *
+ * Physical eraseblocks stay protected only for limited time. But the "time" is
+ * measured in erase cycles in this case. This is implemented with help of the
+ * protection queue. Eraseblocks are put to the tail of this queue when they
+ * are returned by the 'ubi_wl_get_peb()', and eraseblocks are removed from the
+ * head of the queue on each erase operation (for any eraseblock). So the
+ * length of the queue defines how may (global) erase cycles PEBs are protected.
+ *
+ * To put it differently, each physical eraseblock has 2 main states: free and
+ * used. The former state corresponds to the @wl->free tree. The latter state
+ * is split up on several sub-states:
+ * o the WL movement is allowed (@wl->used tree);
+ * o the WL movement is temporarily prohibited (@wl->pq queue);
+ * o scrubbing is needed (@wl->scrub tree).
+ *
+ * Depending on the sub-state, wear-leveling entries of the used physical
+ * eraseblocks may be kept in one of those structures.
  *
  * Note, in this implementation, we keep a small in-RAM object for each physical
  * eraseblock. This is surely not a scalable solution. But it appears to be good
  * target PEB, we pick a PEB with the highest EC if our PEB is "old" and we
  * pick target PEB with an average EC if our PEB is not very "old". This is a
  * room for future re-works of the WL sub-system.
- *
- * Note: the stuff with protection trees looks too complex and is difficult to
- * understand. Should be fixed.
  */
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 /* Number of physical eraseblocks reserved for wear-leveling purposes */
 #define WL_RESERVED_PEBS 1
 
-/*
- * How many erase cycles are short term, unknown, and long term physical
- * eraseblocks protected.
- */
-#define ST_PROTECTION 16
-#define U_PROTECTION  10
-#define LT_PROTECTION 4
-
 /*
  * Maximum difference between two erase counters. If this threshold is
  * exceeded, the WL sub-system starts moving data from used physical
  */
 #define WL_MAX_FAILURES 32
 
-/**
- * struct ubi_wl_prot_entry - PEB protection entry.
- * @rb_pnum: link in the @wl->prot.pnum RB-tree
- * @rb_aec: link in the @wl->prot.aec RB-tree
- * @abs_ec: the absolute erase counter value when the protection ends
- * @e: the wear-leveling entry of the physical eraseblock under protection
- *
- * When the WL sub-system returns a physical eraseblock, the physical
- * eraseblock is protected from being moved for some "time". For this reason,
- * the physical eraseblock is not directly moved from the @wl->free tree to the
- * @wl->used tree. There is one more tree in between where this physical
- * eraseblock is temporarily stored (@wl->prot).
- *
- * All this protection stuff is needed because:
- *  o we don't want to move physical eraseblocks just after we have given them
- *    to the user; instead, we first want to let users fill them up with data;
- *
- *  o there is a chance that the user will put the physical eraseblock very
- *    soon, so it makes sense not to move it for some time, but wait; this is
- *    especially important in case of "short term" physical eraseblocks.
- *
- * Physical eraseblocks stay protected only for limited time. But the "time" is
- * measured in erase cycles in this case. This is implemented with help of the
- * absolute erase counter (@wl->abs_ec). When it reaches certain value, the
- * physical eraseblocks are moved from the protection trees (@wl->prot.*) to
- * the @wl->used tree.
- *
- * Protected physical eraseblocks are searched by physical eraseblock number
- * (when they are put) and by the absolute erase counter (to check if it is
- * time to move them to the @wl->used tree). So there are actually 2 RB-trees
- * storing the protected physical eraseblocks: @wl->prot.pnum and
- * @wl->prot.aec. They are referred to as the "protection" trees. The
- * first one is indexed by the physical eraseblock number. The second one is
- * indexed by the absolute erase counter. Both trees store
- * &struct ubi_wl_prot_entry objects.
- *
- * Each physical eraseblock has 2 main states: free and used. The former state
- * corresponds to the @wl->free tree. The latter state is split up on several
- * sub-states:
- * o the WL movement is allowed (@wl->used tree);
- * o the WL movement is temporarily prohibited (@wl->prot.pnum and
- * @wl->prot.aec trees);
- * o scrubbing is needed (@wl->scrub tree).
- *
- * Depending on the sub-state, wear-leveling entries of the used physical
- * eraseblocks may be kept in one of those trees.
- */
-struct ubi_wl_prot_entry {
-       struct rb_node rb_pnum;
-       struct rb_node rb_aec;
-       unsigned long long abs_ec;
-       struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
-};
-
 /**
  * struct ubi_work - UBI work description data structure.
  * @list: a link in the list of pending works
  * @func: worker function
- * @priv: private data of the worker function
  * @e: physical eraseblock to erase
  * @torture: if the physical eraseblock has to be tortured
  *
@@ -198,9 +163,11 @@ struct ubi_work {
 static int paranoid_check_ec(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum, int ec);
 static int paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(struct ubi_wl_entry *e,
                                     struct rb_root *root);
+static int paranoid_check_in_pq(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e);
 #else
 #define paranoid_check_ec(ubi, pnum, ec) 0
 #define paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, root)
+#define paranoid_check_in_pq(ubi, e) 0
 #endif
 
 /**
@@ -220,7 +187,7 @@ static void wl_tree_add(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
                struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
 
                parent = *p;
-               e1 = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
 
                if (e->ec < e1->ec)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
@@ -235,8 +202,8 @@ static void wl_tree_add(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
                }
        }
 
-       rb_link_node(&e->rb, parent, p);
-       rb_insert_color(&e->rb, root);
+       rb_link_node(&e->u.rb, parent, p);
+       rb_insert_color(&e->u.rb, root);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -331,7 +298,7 @@ static int in_wl_tree(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
        while (p) {
                struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
 
-               e1 = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
 
                if (e->pnum == e1->pnum) {
                        ubi_assert(e == e1);
@@ -355,50 +322,24 @@ static int in_wl_tree(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
 }
 
 /**
- * prot_tree_add - add physical eraseblock to protection trees.
+ * prot_queue_add - add physical eraseblock to the protection queue.
  * @ubi: UBI device description object
  * @e: the physical eraseblock to add
- * @pe: protection entry object to use
- * @abs_ec: absolute erase counter value when this physical eraseblock has
- * to be removed from the protection trees.
  *
- * @wl->lock has to be locked.
+ * This function adds @e to the tail of the protection queue @ubi->pq, where
+ * @e will stay for %UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN erase operations and will be
+ * temporarily protected from the wear-leveling worker. Note, @wl->lock has to
+ * be locked.
  */
-static void prot_tree_add(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e,
-                         struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe, int abs_ec)
+static void prot_queue_add(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
 {
-       struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe1;
-
-       pe->e = e;
-       pe->abs_ec = ubi->abs_ec + abs_ec;
-
-       p = &ubi->prot.pnum.rb_node;
-       while (*p) {
-               parent = *p;
-               pe1 = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_wl_prot_entry, rb_pnum);
-
-               if (e->pnum < pe1->e->pnum)
-                       p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-               else
-                       p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-       }
-       rb_link_node(&pe->rb_pnum, parent, p);
-       rb_insert_color(&pe->rb_pnum, &ubi->prot.pnum);
-
-       p = &ubi->prot.aec.rb_node;
-       parent = NULL;
-       while (*p) {
-               parent = *p;
-               pe1 = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_wl_prot_entry, rb_aec);
+       int pq_tail = ubi->pq_head - 1;
 
-               if (pe->abs_ec < pe1->abs_ec)
-                       p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-               else
-                       p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-       }
-       rb_link_node(&pe->rb_aec, parent, p);
-       rb_insert_color(&pe->rb_aec, &ubi->prot.aec);
+       if (pq_tail < 0)
+               pq_tail = UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN - 1;
+       ubi_assert(pq_tail >= 0 && pq_tail < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN);
+       list_add_tail(&e->u.list, &ubi->pq[pq_tail]);
+       dbg_wl("added PEB %d EC %d to the protection queue", e->pnum, e->ec);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -414,14 +355,14 @@ static struct ubi_wl_entry *find_wl_entry(struct rb_root *root, int max)
        struct rb_node *p;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
 
-       e = rb_entry(rb_first(root), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+       e = rb_entry(rb_first(root), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
        max += e->ec;
 
        p = root->rb_node;
        while (p) {
                struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
 
-               e1 = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                if (e1->ec >= max)
                        p = p->rb_left;
                else {
@@ -443,17 +384,12 @@ static struct ubi_wl_entry *find_wl_entry(struct rb_root *root, int max)
  */
 int ubi_wl_get_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int dtype)
 {
-       int err, protect, medium_ec;
+       int err, medium_ec;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *first, *last;
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe;
 
        ubi_assert(dtype == UBI_LONGTERM || dtype == UBI_SHORTTERM ||
                   dtype == UBI_UNKNOWN);
 
-       pe = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_wl_prot_entry), GFP_NOFS);
-       if (!pe)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
 retry:
        spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
        if (!ubi->free.rb_node) {
@@ -461,16 +397,13 @@ retry:
                        ubi_assert(list_empty(&ubi->works));
                        ubi_err("no free eraseblocks");
                        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-                       kfree(pe);
                        return -ENOSPC;
                }
                spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
                err = produce_free_peb(ubi);
-               if (err < 0) {
-                       kfree(pe);
+               if (err < 0)
                        return err;
-               }
                goto retry;
        }
 
@@ -483,7 +416,6 @@ retry:
                 * %WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF.
                 */
                e = find_wl_entry(&ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF);
-               protect = LT_PROTECTION;
                break;
        case UBI_UNKNOWN:
                /*
@@ -492,81 +424,63 @@ retry:
                 * eraseblock with erase counter greater or equivalent than the
                 * lowest erase counter plus %WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF.
                 */
-               first = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
-               last = rb_entry(rb_last(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               first = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry,
+                                       u.rb);
+               last = rb_entry(rb_last(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
 
                if (last->ec - first->ec < WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF)
                        e = rb_entry(ubi->free.rb_node,
-                                       struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+                                       struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                else {
                        medium_ec = (first->ec + WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF)/2;
                        e = find_wl_entry(&ubi->free, medium_ec);
                }
-               protect = U_PROTECTION;
                break;
        case UBI_SHORTTERM:
                /*
                 * For short term data we pick a physical eraseblock with the
                 * lowest erase counter as we expect it will be erased soon.
                 */
-               e = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
-               protect = ST_PROTECTION;
+               e = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->free), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                break;
        default:
-               protect = 0;
-               e = NULL;
                BUG();
        }
 
+       paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->free);
+
        /*
-        * Move the physical eraseblock to the protection trees where it will
+        * Move the physical eraseblock to the protection queue where it will
         * be protected from being moved for some time.
         */
-       paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->free);
-       rb_erase(&e->rb, &ubi->free);
-       prot_tree_add(ubi, e, pe, protect);
-
-       dbg_wl("PEB %d EC %d, protection %d", e->pnum, e->ec, protect);
+       rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->free);
+       dbg_wl("PEB %d EC %d", e->pnum, e->ec);
+       prot_queue_add(ubi, e);
        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-
        return e->pnum;
 }
 
 /**
- * prot_tree_del - remove a physical eraseblock from the protection trees
+ * prot_queue_del - remove a physical eraseblock from the protection queue.
  * @ubi: UBI device description object
  * @pnum: the physical eraseblock to remove
  *
- * This function returns PEB @pnum from the protection trees and returns zero
- * in case of success and %-ENODEV if the PEB was not found in the protection
- * trees.
+ * This function deletes PEB @pnum from the protection queue and returns zero
+ * in case of success and %-ENODEV if the PEB was not found.
  */
-static int prot_tree_del(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum)
+static int prot_queue_del(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum)
 {
-       struct rb_node *p;
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe = NULL;
-
-       p = ubi->prot.pnum.rb_node;
-       while (p) {
-
-               pe = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_prot_entry, rb_pnum);
-
-               if (pnum == pe->e->pnum)
-                       goto found;
+       struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
 
-               if (pnum < pe->e->pnum)
-                       p = p->rb_left;
-               else
-                       p = p->rb_right;
-       }
+       e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum];
+       if (!e)
+               return -ENODEV;
 
-       return -ENODEV;
+       if (paranoid_check_in_pq(ubi, e))
+               return -ENODEV;
 
-found:
-       ubi_assert(pe->e->pnum == pnum);
-       rb_erase(&pe->rb_aec, &ubi->prot.aec);
-       rb_erase(&pe->rb_pnum, &ubi->prot.pnum);
-       kfree(pe);
+       list_del(&e->u.list);
+       dbg_wl("deleted PEB %d from the protection queue", e->pnum);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -632,47 +546,47 @@ out_free:
 }
 
 /**
- * check_protection_over - check if it is time to stop protecting some PEBs.
+ * serve_prot_queue - check if it is time to stop protecting PEBs.
  * @ubi: UBI device description object
  *
- * This function is called after each erase operation, when the absolute erase
- * counter is incremented, to check if some physical eraseblock  have not to be
- * protected any longer. These physical eraseblocks are moved from the
- * protection trees to the used tree.
+ * This function is called after each erase operation and removes PEBs from the
+ * tail of the protection queue. These PEBs have been protected for long enough
+ * and should be moved to the used tree.
  */
-static void check_protection_over(struct ubi_device *ubi)
+static void serve_prot_queue(struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe;
+       struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *tmp;
+       int count;
 
        /*
         * There may be several protected physical eraseblock to remove,
         * process them all.
         */
-       while (1) {
-               spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-               if (!ubi->prot.aec.rb_node) {
-                       spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               pe = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->prot.aec),
-                             struct ubi_wl_prot_entry, rb_aec);
+repeat:
+       count = 0;
+       spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &ubi->pq[ubi->pq_head], u.list) {
+               dbg_wl("PEB %d EC %d protection over, move to used tree",
+                       e->pnum, e->ec);
 
-               if (pe->abs_ec > ubi->abs_ec) {
+               list_del(&e->u.list);
+               wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->used);
+               if (count++ > 32) {
+                       /*
+                        * Let's be nice and avoid holding the spinlock for
+                        * too long.
+                        */
                        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-                       break;
+                       cond_resched();
+                       goto repeat;
                }
-
-               dbg_wl("PEB %d protection over, abs_ec %llu, PEB abs_ec %llu",
-                      pe->e->pnum, ubi->abs_ec, pe->abs_ec);
-               rb_erase(&pe->rb_aec, &ubi->prot.aec);
-               rb_erase(&pe->rb_pnum, &ubi->prot.pnum);
-               wl_tree_add(pe->e, &ubi->used);
-               spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-
-               kfree(pe);
-               cond_resched();
        }
+
+       ubi->pq_head += 1;
+       if (ubi->pq_head == UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN)
+               ubi->pq_head = 0;
+       ubi_assert(ubi->pq_head >= 0 && ubi->pq_head < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN);
+       spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -680,8 +594,8 @@ static void check_protection_over(struct ubi_device *ubi)
  * @ubi: UBI device description object
  * @wrk: the work to schedule
  *
- * This function enqueues a work defined by @wrk to the tail of the pending
- * works list.
+ * This function adds a work defined by @wrk to the tail of the pending works
+ * list.
  */
 static void schedule_ubi_work(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk)
 {
@@ -739,13 +653,11 @@ static int schedule_erase(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e,
 static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
                                int cancel)
 {
-       int err, put = 0, scrubbing = 0, protect = 0;
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *uninitialized_var(pe);
+       int err, scrubbing = 0, torture = 0;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *e1, *e2;
        struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr;
 
        kfree(wrk);
-
        if (cancel)
                return 0;
 
@@ -781,7 +693,7 @@ static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
                 * highly worn-out free physical eraseblock. If the erase
                 * counters differ much enough, start wear-leveling.
                 */
-               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                e2 = find_wl_entry(&ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF);
 
                if (!(e2->ec - e1->ec >= UBI_WL_THRESHOLD)) {
@@ -790,21 +702,21 @@ static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
                        goto out_cancel;
                }
                paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e1, &ubi->used);
-               rb_erase(&e1->rb, &ubi->used);
+               rb_erase(&e1->u.rb, &ubi->used);
                dbg_wl("move PEB %d EC %d to PEB %d EC %d",
                       e1->pnum, e1->ec, e2->pnum, e2->ec);
        } else {
                /* Perform scrubbing */
                scrubbing = 1;
-               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->scrub), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->scrub), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                e2 = find_wl_entry(&ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF);
                paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e1, &ubi->scrub);
-               rb_erase(&e1->rb, &ubi->scrub);
+               rb_erase(&e1->u.rb, &ubi->scrub);
                dbg_wl("scrub PEB %d to PEB %d", e1->pnum, e2->pnum);
        }
 
        paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e2, &ubi->free);
-       rb_erase(&e2->rb, &ubi->free);
+       rb_erase(&e2->u.rb, &ubi->free);
        ubi->move_from = e1;
        ubi->move_to = e2;
        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
@@ -844,46 +756,67 @@ static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
 
        err = ubi_eba_copy_leb(ubi, e1->pnum, e2->pnum, vid_hdr);
        if (err) {
-
+               if (err == -EAGAIN)
+                       goto out_not_moved;
                if (err < 0)
                        goto out_error;
-               if (err == 1)
+               if (err == 2) {
+                       /* Target PEB write error, torture it */
+                       torture = 1;
                        goto out_not_moved;
+               }
 
                /*
-                * For some reason the LEB was not moved - it might be because
-                * the volume is being deleted. We should prevent this PEB from
-                * being selected for wear-levelling movement for some "time",
-                * so put it to the protection tree.
+                * The LEB has not been moved because the volume is being
+                * deleted or the PEB has been put meanwhile. We should prevent
+                * this PEB from being selected for wear-leveling movement
+                * again, so put it to the protection queue.
                 */
 
-               dbg_wl("cancelled moving PEB %d", e1->pnum);
-               pe = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_wl_prot_entry), GFP_NOFS);
-               if (!pe) {
-                       err = -ENOMEM;
-                       goto out_error;
-               }
+               dbg_wl("canceled moving PEB %d", e1->pnum);
+               ubi_assert(err == 1);
+
+               ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
+               vid_hdr = NULL;
+
+               spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
+               prot_queue_add(ubi, e1);
+               ubi_assert(!ubi->move_to_put);
+               ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL;
+               ubi->wl_scheduled = 0;
+               spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
-               protect = 1;
+               e1 = NULL;
+               err = schedule_erase(ubi, e2, 0);
+               if (err)
+                       goto out_error;
+               mutex_unlock(&ubi->move_mutex);
+               return 0;
        }
 
+       /* The PEB has been successfully moved */
        ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
-       if (scrubbing && !protect)
+       vid_hdr = NULL;
+       if (scrubbing)
                ubi_msg("scrubbed PEB %d, data moved to PEB %d",
                        e1->pnum, e2->pnum);
 
        spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-       if (protect)
-               prot_tree_add(ubi, e1, pe, protect);
-       if (!ubi->move_to_put)
+       if (!ubi->move_to_put) {
                wl_tree_add(e2, &ubi->used);
-       else
-               put = 1;
+               e2 = NULL;
+       }
        ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL;
        ubi->move_to_put = ubi->wl_scheduled = 0;
        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
-       if (put) {
+       err = schedule_erase(ubi, e1, 0);
+       if (err) {
+               e1 = NULL;
+               goto out_error;
+       }
+
+       if (e2) {
                /*
                 * Well, the target PEB was put meanwhile, schedule it for
                 * erasure.
@@ -894,13 +827,6 @@ static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
                        goto out_error;
        }
 
-       if (!protect) {
-               err = schedule_erase(ubi, e1, 0);
-               if (err)
-                       goto out_error;
-       }
-
-
        dbg_wl("done");
        mutex_unlock(&ubi->move_mutex);
        return 0;
@@ -908,20 +834,24 @@ static int wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk,
        /*
         * For some reasons the LEB was not moved, might be an error, might be
         * something else. @e1 was not changed, so return it back. @e2 might
-        * be changed, schedule it for erasure.
+        * have been changed, schedule it for erasure.
         */
 out_not_moved:
+       dbg_wl("canceled moving PEB %d", e1->pnum);
        ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr);
+       vid_hdr = NULL;
        spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
        if (scrubbing)
                wl_tree_add(e1, &ubi->scrub);
        else
                wl_tree_add(e1, &ubi->used);
+       ubi_assert(!ubi->move_to_put);
        ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL;
-       ubi->move_to_put = ubi->wl_scheduled = 0;
+       ubi->wl_scheduled = 0;
        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
-       err = schedule_erase(ubi, e2, 0);
+       e1 = NULL;
+       err = schedule_erase(ubi, e2, torture);
        if (err)
                goto out_error;
 
@@ -938,8 +868,10 @@ out_error:
        ubi->move_to_put = ubi->wl_scheduled = 0;
        spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
-       kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e1);
-       kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e2);
+       if (e1)
+               kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e1);
+       if (e2)
+               kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e2);
        ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
 
        mutex_unlock(&ubi->move_mutex);
@@ -988,7 +920,7 @@ static int ensure_wear_leveling(struct ubi_device *ubi)
                 * erase counter of free physical eraseblocks is greater then
                 * %UBI_WL_THRESHOLD.
                 */
-               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+               e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
                e2 = find_wl_entry(&ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF);
 
                if (!(e2->ec - e1->ec >= UBI_WL_THRESHOLD))
@@ -1050,7 +982,6 @@ static int erase_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wl_wrk,
                kfree(wl_wrk);
 
                spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
-               ubi->abs_ec += 1;
                wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->free);
                spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
 
@@ -1058,7 +989,7 @@ static int erase_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wl_wrk,
                 * One more erase operation has happened, take care about
                 * protected physical eraseblocks.
                 */
-               check_protection_over(ubi);
+               serve_prot_queue(ubi);
 
                /* And take care about wear-leveling */
                err = ensure_wear_leveling(ubi);
@@ -1190,12 +1121,12 @@ retry:
        } else {
                if (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used)) {
                        paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used);
-                       rb_erase(&e->rb, &ubi->used);
+                       rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->used);
                } else if (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->scrub)) {
                        paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->scrub);
-                       rb_erase(&e->rb, &ubi->scrub);
+                       rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->scrub);
                } else {
-                       err = prot_tree_del(ubi, e->pnum);
+                       err = prot_queue_del(ubi, e->pnum);
                        if (err) {
                                ubi_err("PEB %d not found", pnum);
                                ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
@@ -1255,11 +1186,11 @@ retry:
 
        if (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used)) {
                paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used);
-               rb_erase(&e->rb, &ubi->used);
+               rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->used);
        } else {
                int err;
 
-               err = prot_tree_del(ubi, e->pnum);
+               err = prot_queue_del(ubi, e->pnum);
                if (err) {
                        ubi_err("PEB %d not found", pnum);
                        ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
@@ -1290,7 +1221,7 @@ int ubi_wl_flush(struct ubi_device *ubi)
        int err;
 
        /*
-        * Erase while the pending works queue is not empty, but not more then
+        * Erase while the pending works queue is not empty, but not more than
         * the number of currently pending works.
         */
        dbg_wl("flush (%d pending works)", ubi->works_count);
@@ -1308,7 +1239,7 @@ int ubi_wl_flush(struct ubi_device *ubi)
        up_write(&ubi->work_sem);
 
        /*
-        * And in case last was the WL worker and it cancelled the LEB
+        * And in case last was the WL worker and it canceled the LEB
         * movement, flush again.
         */
        while (ubi->works_count) {
@@ -1337,11 +1268,11 @@ static void tree_destroy(struct rb_root *root)
                else if (rb->rb_right)
                        rb = rb->rb_right;
                else {
-                       e = rb_entry(rb, struct ubi_wl_entry, rb);
+                       e = rb_entry(rb, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
 
                        rb = rb_parent(rb);
                        if (rb) {
-                               if (rb->rb_left == &e->rb)
+                               if (rb->rb_left == &e->u.rb)
                                        rb->rb_left = NULL;
                                else
                                        rb->rb_right = NULL;
@@ -1436,15 +1367,13 @@ static void cancel_pending(struct ubi_device *ubi)
  */
 int ubi_wl_init_scan(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_scan_info *si)
 {
-       int err;
+       int err, i;
        struct rb_node *rb1, *rb2;
        struct ubi_scan_volume *sv;
        struct ubi_scan_leb *seb, *tmp;
        struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
 
-
        ubi->used = ubi->free = ubi->scrub = RB_ROOT;
-       ubi->prot.pnum = ubi->prot.aec = RB_ROOT;
        spin_lock_init(&ubi->wl_lock);
        mutex_init(&ubi->move_mutex);
        init_rwsem(&ubi->work_sem);
@@ -1458,6 +1387,10 @@ int ubi_wl_init_scan(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_scan_info *si)
        if (!ubi->lookuptbl)
                return err;
 
+       for (i = 0; i < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN; i++)
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ubi->pq[i]);
+       ubi->pq_head = 0;
+
        list_for_each_entry_safe(seb, tmp, &si->erase, u.list) {
                cond_resched();
 
@@ -1552,33 +1485,18 @@ out_free:
 }
 
 /**
- * protection_trees_destroy - destroy the protection RB-trees.
+ * protection_queue_destroy - destroy the protection queue.
  * @ubi: UBI device description object
  */
-static void protection_trees_destroy(struct ubi_device *ubi)
+static void protection_queue_destroy(struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
-       struct rb_node *rb;
-       struct ubi_wl_prot_entry *pe;
-
-       rb = ubi->prot.aec.rb_node;
-       while (rb) {
-               if (rb->rb_left)
-                       rb = rb->rb_left;
-               else if (rb->rb_right)
-                       rb = rb->rb_right;
-               else {
-                       pe = rb_entry(rb, struct ubi_wl_prot_entry, rb_aec);
-
-                       rb = rb_parent(rb);
-                       if (rb) {
-                               if (rb->rb_left == &pe->rb_aec)
-                                       rb->rb_left = NULL;
-                               else
-                                       rb->rb_right = NULL;
-                       }
+       int i;
+       struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *tmp;
 
-                       kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, pe->e);
-                       kfree(pe);
+       for (i = 0; i < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN; ++i) {
+               list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &ubi->pq[i], u.list) {
+                       list_del(&e->u.list);
+                       kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e);
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1591,7 +1509,7 @@ void ubi_wl_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
        dbg_wl("close the WL sub-system");
        cancel_pending(ubi);
-       protection_trees_destroy(ubi);
+       protection_queue_destroy(ubi);
        tree_destroy(&ubi->used);
        tree_destroy(&ubi->free);
        tree_destroy(&ubi->scrub);
@@ -1661,4 +1579,27 @@ static int paranoid_check_in_wl_tree(struct ubi_wl_entry *e,
        return 1;
 }
 
+/**
+ * paranoid_check_in_pq - check if wear-leveling entry is in the protection
+ *                        queue.
+ * @ubi: UBI device description object
+ * @e: the wear-leveling entry to check
+ *
+ * This function returns zero if @e is in @ubi->pq and %1 if it is not.
+ */
+static int paranoid_check_in_pq(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
+{
+       struct ubi_wl_entry *p;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN; ++i)
+               list_for_each_entry(p, &ubi->pq[i], u.list)
+                       if (p == e)
+                               return 0;
+
+       ubi_err("paranoid check failed for PEB %d, EC %d, Protect queue",
+               e->pnum, e->ec);
+       ubi_dbg_dump_stack();
+       return 1;
+}
 #endif /* CONFIG_MTD_UBI_DEBUG_PARANOID */