#include <sound/info.h>
 #include <sound/version.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
-#include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 
 #include <sound/control.h>
 #include <sound/initval.h>
 #include <linux/kmod.h>
-#include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 
 #define SNDRV_OS_MINORS 256
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_major);
 
 static int cards_limit = 1;
-static int device_mode = S_IFCHR | S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO;
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Advanced Linux Sound Architecture driver for soundcards.");
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(major, "Major # for sound driver.");
 module_param(cards_limit, int, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cards_limit, "Count of auto-loadable soundcards.");
-#ifdef CONFIG_DEVFS_FS
-module_param(device_mode, int, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(device_mode, "Device file permission mask for devfs.");
-#endif
 MODULE_ALIAS_CHARDEV_MAJOR(CONFIG_SND_MAJOR);
 
 /* this one holds the actual max. card number currently available.
                return minor;
        }
        snd_minors[minor] = preg;
-       if (type != SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL || preg->card >= cards_limit)
-               devfs_mk_cdev(MKDEV(major, minor), S_IFCHR | device_mode, "snd/%s", name);
        if (card)
                device = card->dev;
        class_device_create(sound_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), device, "%s", name);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       if (mptr->type != SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL ||
-           mptr->card >= cards_limit)                  /* created in sound.c */
-               devfs_remove("snd/%s", mptr->name);
        class_device_destroy(sound_class, MKDEV(major, minor));
 
        snd_minors[minor] = NULL;
 
 static int __init alsa_sound_init(void)
 {
-       short controlnum;
-
        snd_major = major;
        snd_ecards_limit = cards_limit;
-       devfs_mk_dir("snd");
        if (register_chrdev(major, "alsa", &snd_fops)) {
                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register native major device number %d\n", major);
-               devfs_remove("snd");
                return -EIO;
        }
        if (snd_info_init() < 0) {
                unregister_chrdev(major, "alsa");
-               devfs_remove("snd");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        snd_info_minor_register();
-       for (controlnum = 0; controlnum < cards_limit; controlnum++)
-               devfs_mk_cdev(MKDEV(major, controlnum<<5), S_IFCHR | device_mode, "snd/controlC%d", controlnum);
 #ifndef MODULE
        printk(KERN_INFO "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version " CONFIG_SND_VERSION CONFIG_SND_DATE ".\n");
 #endif
 
 static void __exit alsa_sound_exit(void)
 {
-       short controlnum;
-
-       for (controlnum = 0; controlnum < cards_limit; controlnum++)
-               devfs_remove("snd/controlC%d", controlnum);
-
        snd_info_minor_unregister();
        snd_info_done();
        if (unregister_chrdev(major, "alsa") != 0)
                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to unregister major device number %d\n", major);
-       devfs_remove("snd");
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_sound_init)
 
 #include <linux/wait.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
-#include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
 #include <linux/major.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
        sound_dmap_flag = (dmabuf > 0 ? 1 : 0);
 
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (dev_list) / sizeof *dev_list; i++) {
-               devfs_mk_cdev(MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, dev_list[i].minor),
-                               S_IFCHR | dev_list[i].mode,
-                               "sound/%s", dev_list[i].name);
                class_device_create(sound_class, NULL,
                                    MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, dev_list[i].minor),
                                    NULL, "%s", dev_list[i].name);
                if (!dev_list[i].num)
                        continue;
 
-               for (j = 1; j < *dev_list[i].num; j++) {
-                       devfs_mk_cdev(MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR,
-                                               dev_list[i].minor + (j*0x10)),
-                                       S_IFCHR | dev_list[i].mode,
-                                       "sound/%s%d", dev_list[i].name, j);
+               for (j = 1; j < *dev_list[i].num; j++)
                        class_device_create(sound_class, NULL,
                                            MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, dev_list[i].minor + (j*0x10)),
                                            NULL, "%s%d", dev_list[i].name, j);
-               }
        }
 
        if (sound_nblocks >= 1024)
        int i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (dev_list) / sizeof *dev_list; i++) {
-               devfs_remove("sound/%s", dev_list[i].name);
                class_device_destroy(sound_class, MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, dev_list[i].minor));
                if (!dev_list[i].num)
                        continue;
-               for (j = 1; j < *dev_list[i].num; j++) {
-                       devfs_remove("sound/%s%d", dev_list[i].name, j);
+               for (j = 1; j < *dev_list[i].num; j++)
                        class_device_destroy(sound_class, MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, dev_list[i].minor + (j*0x10)));
-               }
        }
        
        unregister_sound_special(1);
 
 #include <linux/sound.h>
 #include <linux/major.h>
 #include <linux/kmod.h>
-#include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
 
 #define SOUND_STEP 16
        else
                sprintf(s->name, "sound/%s%d", name, r / SOUND_STEP);
 
-       devfs_mk_cdev(MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, s->unit_minor),
-                       S_IFCHR | mode, s->name);
        class_device_create(sound_class, NULL, MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, s->unit_minor),
                            dev, s->name+6);
        return r;
        p = __sound_remove_unit(list, unit);
        spin_unlock(&sound_loader_lock);
        if (p) {
-               devfs_remove(p->name);
                class_device_destroy(sound_class, MKDEV(SOUND_MAJOR, p->unit_minor));
                kfree(p);
        }
        /* We have nothing to really do here - we know the lists must be
           empty */
        unregister_chrdev(SOUND_MAJOR, "sound");
-       devfs_remove("sound");
        class_destroy(sound_class);
 }
 
                printk(KERN_ERR "soundcore: sound device already in use.\n");
                return -EBUSY;
        }
-       devfs_mk_dir ("sound");
        sound_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sound");
        if (IS_ERR(sound_class))
                return PTR_ERR(sound_class);