------------
The kernel provides an interface to manage DMA transfers
- using the DMA channels in the cpu, so that the central
+ using the DMA channels in the CPU, so that the central
duty of managing channel mappings, and programming the
channel generators is in one place.
channels to all sources, which means that some devices
have a restricted number of channels that can be used.
- To allow flexibilty for each cpu type and board, the
- dma code can be given an dma ordering structure which
+ To allow flexibility for each CPU type and board, the
+ DMA code can be given a DMA ordering structure which
allows the order of channel search to be specified, as
well as allowing the prohibition of certain claims.
struct s3c24xx_dma_order has a list of channels, and
- each channel within has a slot for a list of dma
- channel numbers. The slots are searched in order, for
- the presence of a dma channel number with DMA_CH_VALID
- orred in.
+ each channel within has a slot for a list of DMA
+ channel numbers. The slots are searched in order for
+ the presence of a DMA channel number with DMA_CH_VALID
+ or-ed in.
If the order has the flag DMA_CH_NEVER set, then after
checking the channel list, the system will return no
found channel, thus denying the request.
A board support file can call s3c24xx_dma_order_set()
- to register an complete ordering set. The routine will
- copy the data, so the original can be discared with
+ to register a complete ordering set. The routine will
+ copy the data, so the original can be discarded with
__initdata.
136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
- 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY
+ 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
...
These device nodes are automatically generated with
For one reason or another, low level drivers don't receive as much
attention or testing as core code, and bugs on driver detach or
-initilaization failure doesn't happen often enough to be noticeable.
+initialization failure don't happen often enough to be noticeable.
Init failure path is worse because it's much less travelled while
needs to handle multiple entry points.
devres_release_group(dev, NULL);
return err_code;
-As resource acquision failure usually means probe failure, constructs
+As resource acquisition failure usually means probe failure, constructs
like above are usually useful in midlayer driver (e.g. libata core
layer) where interface function shouldn't have side effect on failure.
For LLDs, just returning error code suffices in most cases.
Deferred IO is a way to delay and repurpose IO. It uses host memory as a
buffer and the MMU pagefault as a pretrigger for when to perform the device
-IO. The following example may be a useful explaination of how one such setup
+IO. The following example may be a useful explanation of how one such setup
works:
- userspace app like Xfbdev mmaps framebuffer
For some types of nonvolatile high latency displays, the desired image is
the final image rather than the intermediate stages which is why it's okay
-to not update for each write that is occuring.
+to not update for each write that is occurring.
It may be the case that this is useful in other scenarios as well. Paul Mundt
has mentioned a case where it is beneficial to use the page count to decide
aname=name aname specifies the file tree to access when the server is
offering several exported file systems.
- cache=mode specifies a cacheing policy. By default, no caches are used.
+ cache=mode specifies a caching policy. By default, no caches are used.
loose = no attempts are made at consistency,
intended for exclusive, read-only mounts
Below is a sample application as part of the whole tool. The sample
can be used as a working test tool. Or it can be expanded to include
-more features. It also can be a integrated into a libary or other user
+more features. It also can be a integrated into a library or other user
application to have more thorough test.
-The sample application takes err.conf as error configuation input. Gcc
+The sample application takes err.conf as error configuration input. GCC
compiles the code. After you install err_inject driver, you can run
this sample application to inject errors.
}
/* Create semaphore: If one_lock, one semaphore for all processors.
- Otherwise, one sempaphore for each processor. */
+ Otherwise, one semaphore for each processor. */
if (one_lock) {
if (create_sem(0)) {
printf("Can not create semaphore...exit\n");
keys. Any keys down at power-up are presumed to be stuck, and their BREAK
(sic) code is returned (which without the preceding MAKE code is a flag for a
keyboard error). If the controller self-test completes without error, the code
-0xF0 is returned. (This code will be used to indicate the version/rlease of
+0xF0 is returned. (This code will be used to indicate the version/release of
the ikbd controller. The first release of the ikbd is version 0xF0, should
there be a second release it will be 0xF1, and so on.)
The ikbd defaults to a mouse position reporting with threshold of 1 unit in
%nnnnmmmm ; where m is JOYSTICK1 state
; and n is JOYSTICK0 state
-Sets the ikbd to do nothing but monitor the serial command lne, maintain the
+Sets the ikbd to do nothing but monitor the serial command line, maintain the
time-of-day clock, and monitor the joystick. The rate sets the interval
between joystick samples.
N.B. The user should not set the rate higher than the serial communications
; until vertical cursor key is generated before RY
; has elapsed
VX ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
- ; until horizontal cursor keystokes are generated
+ ; until horizontal cursor keystrokes are generated
; after RX has elapsed
VY ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
- ; until vertical cursor keystokes are generated
+ ; until vertical cursor keystrokes are generated
; after RY has elapsed
In this mode, joystick 0 is scanned in a way that simulates cursor keystrokes.
send an email to: johann.deneux@gmail.com
** WARNING **
-I may not be held responsible for any dammage or harm caused if you try to
+I shall not be held responsible for any damage or harm caused if you try to
send data to your I-Force device based on what you read in this document.
** Preliminary Notes:
Query command. Length varies according to the query type.
The general format of this packet is:
ff 01 QUERY [INDEX] CHECKSUM
-reponses are of the same form:
+responses are of the same form:
FF LEN QUERY VALUE_QUERIED CHECKSUM2
where LEN = 1 + length(VALUE_QUERIED)
**** Query ram size ****
QUERY = 42 ('B'uffer size)
-The device should reply with the same packet plus two additionnal bytes
+The device should reply with the same packet plus two additional bytes
containing the size of the memory:
ff 03 42 03 e8 CS would mean that the device has 1000 bytes of ram available.
** Appendix: How to study the protocol ? **
-1. Generate effects using the force editor provided with the DirectX SDK, or use Immersion Studio (freely available at their web site in the developer section: www.immersion.com)
-2. Start a soft spying RS232 or USB (depending on where you connected your joystick/wheel). I used ComPortSpy from fCoder (alpha version!)
+1. Generate effects using the force editor provided with the DirectX SDK, or
+use Immersion Studio (freely available at their web site in the developer section:
+www.immersion.com)
+2. Start a soft spying RS232 or USB (depending on where you connected your
+joystick/wheel). I used ComPortSpy from fCoder (alpha version!)
3. Play the effect, and watch what happens on the spy screen.
A few words about ComPortSpy:
-At first glance, this soft seems, hum, well... buggy. In fact, data appear with a few seconds latency. Personnaly, I restart it every time I play an effect.
+At first glance, this software seems, hum, well... buggy. In fact, data appear with a
+few seconds latency. Personally, I restart it every time I play an effect.
Remember it's free (as in free beer) and alpha!
** URLS **
booting the kernel, it grabs the required resources (it should also check
for the presence of the device).
-Then it allocates a new input device structure with input_aloocate_device()
+Then it allocates a new input device structure with input_allocate_device()
and sets up input bitfields. This way the device driver tells the other
parts of the input systems what it is - what events can be generated or
accepted by this input device. Our example device can only generate EV_KEY
* Title: "Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel"
Author: Ivan T. Bowman.
URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/CS746G-a1.html
- Keywords: conceptual software arquitecture, extracted design,
+ Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design,
reverse engineering, system structure.
- Description: Conceptual software arquitecture of the Linux kernel,
+ Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel,
automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding.
required. The firmware used by the chip is the intellectual property
of Broadcom and they have not given the bcm43xx team redistribution
rights to this firmware. Since we cannot legally redistribute
-the firwmare we cannot include it with the driver. Furthermore, it
+the firmware we cannot include it with the driver. Furthermore, it
cannot be placed in the downloadable archives of any distributing
organization; therefore, the user is responsible for obtaining the
firmware and placing it in the appropriate location so that the driver
buffers manipulated directly.
To use the RxRPC facility, a kernel utility must still open an AF_RXRPC socket,
-bind an addess as appropriate and listen if it's to be a server socket, but
+bind an address as appropriate and listen if it's to be a server socket, but
then it passes this to the kernel interface functions.
The kernel interface functions are as follows:
For in-depth information, you can consult:
o The UDP-Lite Homepage: http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/
- Fom here you can also download some example application source code.
+ From here you can also download some example application source code.
o The UDP-Lite HOWTO on
http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/files/UDP-Lite-HOWTO.txt
While it is important that such cases are dealt with correctly, they
are (annoyingly) rare: UDP-Lite is designed for optimising multimedia
performance over wireless (or generally noisy) links and thus smaller
- coverage lenghts are likely to be expected.
+ coverage lengths are likely to be expected.
V) UDP-LITE RUNTIME STATISTICS AND THEIR MEANING
VI) IPTABLES
There is packet match support for UDP-Lite as well as support for the LOG target.
- If you copy and paste the following line into /etc/protcols,
+ If you copy and paste the following line into /etc/protocols,
udplite 136 UDP-Lite # UDP-Lite [RFC 3828]
where <swap_file_partition> is the partition on which the swap file is located
and <swap_file_offset> is the offset of the swap header determined by the
application in 2) (of course, this step may be carried out automatically
-by the same application that determies the swap file's header offset using the
+by the same application that determines the swap file's header offset using the
FIBMAP ioctl)
OR
EEH was originally designed to guard against hardware failure, such
as PCI cards dying from heat, humidity, dust, vibration and bad
electrical connections. The vast majority of EEH errors seen in
-"real life" are due to eithr poorly seated PCI cards, or,
-unfortunately quite commonly, due device driver bugs, device firmware
+"real life" are due to either poorly seated PCI cards, or,
+unfortunately quite commonly, due to device driver bugs, device firmware
bugs, and sometimes PCI card hardware bugs.
The most common software bug, is one that causes the device to
describes what devices are present on the board and how they are
connected. The device tree can either be passed as a binary blob (as
described in Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt), or passed
-by Open Firmare (IEEE 1275) compatible firmware using an OF compatible
+by Open Firmware (IEEE 1275) compatible firmware using an OF compatible
client interface API.
This document specifies the requirements on the device-tree for mpc5200
based boards. These requirements are above and beyond the details
-specified in either the OpenFirmware spec or booting-without-of.txt
+specified in either the Open Firmware spec or booting-without-of.txt
All new mpc5200-based boards are expected to match this document. In
cases where this document is not sufficient to support a new board port,
selected.
The split between the MPC5200 and the MPC5200B leaves a bit of a
-connundrum. How should the compatible property be set up to provide
-maximum compatability information; but still acurately describe the
+conundrum. How should the compatible property be set up to provide
+maximum compatibility information; but still accurately describe the
chip? For the MPC5200; the answer is easy. Most of the SoC devices
originally appeared on the MPC5200. Since they didn't exist anywhere
else; the 5200 compatible properties will contain only one item;
silicon bugs and it adds a small number of enhancements. Most of the
devices either provide exactly the same interface as on the 5200. A few
devices have extra functions but still have a backwards compatible mode.
-To express this infomation as completely as possible, 5200B device trees
+To express this information as completely as possible, 5200B device trees
should have two items in the compatible list;
"mpc5200b-<device>\0mpc5200-<device>". It is *strongly* recommended
that 5200B device trees follow this convention (instead of only listing
ata@<addr> ata mpc5200-ata IDE ATA interface
i2c@<addr> i2c mpc5200-i2c I2C controller
usb@<addr> usb-ohci-be mpc5200-ohci,ohci-be USB controller
-xlb@<addr> xlb mpc5200-xlb XLB arbritrator
+xlb@<addr> xlb mpc5200-xlb XLB arbitrator
Important child node properties
name type description
list size to avoid SCSI malloc pool fragmentation.
- Cleanup channel display in our /proc output.
- Workaround duplicate device entries in the mid-layer
- devlice list during add-single-device.
+ device list during add-single-device.
1.3.6 (March 28th, 2003)
- Correct a double free in the Domain Validation code.
- Add support for 2.5.X's scsi_report_device_reset().
6.2.34 (May 5th, 2003)
- - Fix locking regression instroduced in 6.2.29 that
+ - Fix locking regression introduced in 6.2.29 that
could cause a lock order reversal between the io_request_lock
and our per-softc lock. This was only possible on RH9,
SuSE, and kernel.org 2.4.X kernels.
Option: tag_info:{{value[,value...]}[,{value[,value...]}...]}
Definition: Set the per-target tagged queue depth on a
per controller basis. Both controllers and targets
- may be ommitted indicating that they should retain
+ may be omitted indicating that they should retain
the default tag depth.
Examples: tag_info:{{16,32,32,64,8,8,,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32}
On Controller 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Option: dv: {value[,value...]}
Definition: Set Domain Validation Policy on a per-controller basis.
- Controllers may be ommitted indicating that
+ Controllers may be omitted indicating that
they should retain the default read streaming setting.
Example: dv:{-1,0,,1,1,0}
On Controller 0 leave DV at its default setting.
versions older than 4.0 do not work with kernels 2.4.0 or later! If you
try to compile your kernel with the wrong driver source, the
compilation is aborted and you get a corresponding error message. This is
- no bug in the driver. It prevents you from using the wrong sourcecode
+ no bug in the driver; it prevents you from using the wrong source code
with the wrong kernel version.
Authors of this Driver
5 Users' Manual
5.1 Commandline Parameters
5.2 Troubleshooting
- 5.3 Bugreports
+ 5.3 Bug reports
5.4 Support WWW-page
6 References
7 Credits to
1 Abstract
----------
- This README-file describes the IBM SCSI-subsystem low level driver for
- Linux. The descriptions which were formerly kept in the source-code have
- been taken out to this file to easify the codes' readability. The driver
+ This README-file describes the IBM SCSI-subsystem low level driver for
+ Linux. The descriptions which were formerly kept in the source code have
+ been taken out of this file to simplify the codes readability. The driver
description has been updated, as most of the former description was already
- quite outdated. The history of the driver development is also kept inside
- here. Multiple historical developments have been summarized to shorten the
- textsize a bit. At the end of this file you can find a small manual for
+ quite outdated. The history of the driver development is also kept inside
+ here. Multiple historical developments have been summarized to shorten the
+ text size a bit. At the end of this file you can find a small manual for
this driver and hints to get it running on your machine.
2 Driver Description
between 0 and 7). The IBM SCSI-2 F/W adapter offers this on up to two
busses and provides support for 30 logical devices at the same time, where
in wide-addressing mode you can have 16 puns with 32 luns on each device.
- This section dexribes you the handling of devices on non-F/W adapters.
+ This section describes the handling of devices on non-F/W adapters.
Just imagine, that you can have 16 * 32 = 512 devices on a F/W adapter
which means a lot of possible devices for such a small machine.
--------------------------------------------------------
One consequence of information hiding is that the real (pun,lun)
numbers are also hidden. The two possibilities to get around this problem
- is to offer fake pun/lun combinations to the operating system or to
+ are to offer fake pun/lun combinations to the operating system or to
delete the whole mapping of the adapter and to reassign the ldns, using
the immediate assign command of the SCSI-subsystem for probing through
- all possible pun/lun combinations. a ldn is a "logical device number"
+ all possible pun/lun combinations. An ldn is a "logical device number"
which is used by IBM SCSI-subsystems to access some valid SCSI-device.
At the beginning of the development of this driver, the following approach
was used:
lun>0 or to non-existing devices, in order to satisfy the subsystem, if
there are less than 15 SCSI-devices connected. In the case of more than 15
devices, the dynamical mapping goes active. If the get_scsi[][] reports a
- device to be existant, but it has no ldn assigned, it gets a ldn out of 7
- to 14. The numbers are assigned in cyclic order. Therefore it takes 8
- dynamical reassignments on the SCSI-devices, until a certain device
+ device to be existent, but it has no ldn assigned, it gets an ldn out of 7
+ to 14. The numbers are assigned in cyclic order, therefore it takes 8
+ dynamical reassignments on the SCSI-devices until a certain device
loses its ldn again. This assures that dynamical remapping is avoided
during intense I/O between up to 15 SCSI-devices (means pun,lun
combinations). A further advantage of this method is that people who
than devices are available, they are assigned to non existing pun,lun
combinations to satisfy the adapter. With this, the dynamical mapping
was possible to implement. (For further info see the text in the
- source-code and in the description below. Read the description
+ source code and in the description below. Read the description
below BEFORE installing this driver on your system!)
2) Changed the name IBMMCA_DRIVER_VERSION to IBMMCA_SCSI_DRIVER_VERSION.
3) The LED-display shows on PS/2-95 no longer the ldn, but the SCSI-ID
- Michael Lang
Apr 23, 2000 (v3.2pre1)
- 1) During a very long time, I collected a huge amount of bugreports from
+ 1) During a very long time, I collected a huge amount of bug reports from
various people, trying really quite different things on their SCSI-
- PS/2s. Today, all these bugreports are taken into account and should be
+ PS/2s. Today, all these bug reports are taken into account and should be
mostly solved. The major topics were:
- Driver crashes during boottime by no obvious reason.
- Driver panics while the midlevel-SCSI-driver is trying to inquire
- Michael Lang
July 17, 2000 (v3.2pre8)
- A long period of collecting bugreports from all corners of the world
+ A long period of collecting bug reports from all corners of the world
now lead to the following corrections to the code:
1) SCSI-2 F/W support crashed with a COMMAND ERROR. The reason for this
was that it is possible to disable Fast-SCSI for the external bus.
July 26, 2000 (v3.2pre11)
1) I passed a horrible weekend getting mad with NMIs on kernel 2.2.14 and
a model 9595. Asking around in the community, nobody except of me has
- seen such errors. Weired, but I am trying to recompile everything on
+ seen such errors. Weird, but I am trying to recompile everything on
the model 9595. Maybe, as I use a specially modified gcc, that could
cause problems. But, it was not the reason. The true background was,
that the kernel was compiled for i386 and the 9595 has a 486DX-2.
alive rotator during boottime. This makes sense, when no monitor is
connected to the system. You can get rid of all display activity, if
you do not use any parameter or just ibmmcascsi=activity, for the
- harddrive activity LED, existant on all PS/2, except models 8595-XXX.
+ harddrive activity LED, existent on all PS/2, except models 8595-XXX.
If no monitor is available, please use ibmmcascsi=display, which works
fine together with the linuxinfo utility for the LED-panel.
- Michael Lang
If this really happens, do also send e-mail to the maintainer, as
forced detection should be never necessary. Forced detection is in
principal some flaw of the driver adapter detection and goes into
- bugreports.
+ bug reports.
Q: The driver screws up, if it starts to probe SCSI-devices, is there
some way out of it?
A: Yes, that was some recognition problem of the correct SCSI-adapter
recommended version is 3.2 or later. Here, the F/W support is in
a stable and reliable condition. Wide-addressing is in addition
supported.
- Q: I get a Ooops message and something like "killing interrupt".
+ Q: I get an Oops message and something like "killing interrupt".
A: The reason for this is that the IBM SCSI-subsystem only sends a
termination status back, if some error appeared. In former releases
of the driver, it was not checked, if the termination status block
problem. Not yet tried, but guessing that it could work. To get this,
set unchecked_isa_dma argument of ibmmca.h from 0 to 1.
- 5.3 Bugreports
+ 5.3 Bug reports
--------------
- If you really find bugs in the sourcecode or the driver will successfully
+ If you really find bugs in the source code or the driver will successfully
refuse to work on your machine, you should send a bug report to me. The
best for this is to follow the instructions on the WWW-page for this
driver. Fill out the bug-report form, placed on the WWW-page and ship it,
so the bugs can be taken into account with maximum efforts. But, please
do not send bug reports about this driver to Linus Torvalds or Leonard
- Zubkoff, as Linus is burried in E-Mail and Leonard is supervising all
+ Zubkoff, as Linus is buried in E-Mail and Leonard is supervising all
SCSI-drivers and won't have the time left to look inside every single
driver to fix a bug and especially DO NOT send modified code to Linus
Torvalds or Alan J. Cox which has not been checked here!!! They are both
- quite burried in E-mail (as me, sometimes, too) and one should first check
+ quite buried in E-mail (as me, sometimes, too) and one should first check
for problems on my local teststand. Recently, I got a lot of
- bugreports for errors in the ibmmca.c code, which I could not imagine, but
+ bug reports for errors in the ibmmca.c code, which I could not imagine, but
a look inside some Linux-distribution showed me quite often some modified
code, which did no longer work on most other machines than the one of the
modifier. Ok, so now that there is maintenance service available for this
some e-mail directly, but at least with the same information as required by
the formular.
- If you have extensive bugreports, including Ooops messages and
+ If you have extensive bug reports, including Oops messages and
screen-shots, please feel free to send it directly to the address
of the maintainer, too. The current address of the maintainer is:
detailed bug reports and ideas for this driver (and his
patience ;-)).
Alan J. Cox
- for his bugreports and his bold activities in cross-checking
+ for his bug reports and his bold activities in cross-checking
the driver-code with his teststand.
7.2 Sponsors & Supporters
===
I2S is a common 4 wire DAI used in HiFi, STB and portable devices. The Tx and
-Rx lines are used for audio transmision, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and
+Rx lines are used for audio transmission, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and
left/right clock (LRC) synchronise the link. I2S is flexible in that either the
controller or CODEC can drive (master) the BCLK and LRC clock lines. Bit clock
usually varies depending on the sample rate and the master system clock
(SYSCLK). LRCLK is the same as the sample rate. A few devices support separate
-ADC and DAC LRCLK's, this allows for similtanious capture and playback at
+ADC and DAC LRCLK's, this allows for simultaneous capture and playback at
different sample rates.
I2S has several different operating modes:-
PCM
===
-PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, that can support a more
+PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, which can support a more
flexible protocol. It has bit clock (BCLK) and sync (SYNC) lines that are used
to synchronise the link whilst the Tx and Rx lines are used to transmit and
receive the audio data. Bit clock usually varies depending on sample rate
whilst sync runs at the sample rate. PCM also supports Time Division
-Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus similtaniuosly (This
+Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus simultaneously (this
is sometimes referred to as network mode).
Common PCM operating modes:-
==============
This text describes the audio clocking terms in ASoC and digital audio in
-general. Note: Audio clocking can be complex !
+general. Note: Audio clocking can be complex!
Master Clock
------------
-Every audio subsystem is driven by a master clock (sometimes refered to as MCLK
+Every audio subsystem is driven by a master clock (sometimes referred to as MCLK
or SYSCLK). This audio master clock can be derived from a number of sources
(e.g. crystal, PLL, CPU clock) and is responsible for producing the correct
audio playback and capture sample rates.
-Some master clocks (e.g. PLL's and CPU based clocks) are configuarble in that
+Some master clocks (e.g. PLL's and CPU based clocks) are configurable in that
their speed can be altered by software (depending on the system use and to save
-power). Other master clocks are fixed at at set frequency (i.e. crystals).
+power). Other master clocks are fixed at a set frequency (i.e. crystals).
DAI Clocks
it's best to configure BCLK to the lowest possible speed (depending on your
rate, number of channels and wordsize) to save on power.
-It's also desireable to use the codec (if possible) to drive (or master) the
+It's also desirable to use the codec (if possible) to drive (or master) the
audio clocks as it's usually gives more accurate sample rates than the CPU.
6) DAPM event handler.
7) DAC Digital mute control.
-It's probably best to use this guide in conjuction with the existing codec
+It's probably best to use this guide in conjunction with the existing codec
driver code in sound/soc/codecs/
ASoC Codec driver breakdown
1 - Codec DAI and PCM configuration
-----------------------------------
Each codec driver must have a struct snd_soc_codec_dai to define it's DAI and
-PCM's capablities and operations. This struct is exported so that it can be
+PCM's capabilities and operations. This struct is exported so that it can be
registered with the core by your machine driver.
e.g.
2 - Codec control IO
--------------------
-The codec can ususally be controlled via an I2C or SPI style interface (AC97
+The codec can usually be controlled via an I2C or SPI style interface (AC97
combines control with data in the DAI). The codec drivers will have to provide
functions to read and write the codec registers along with supplying a register
cache:-
DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as all power
switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or recompiling are
-required for user space applications. DAPM makes power switching descisions based
+required for user space applications. DAPM makes power switching decisions based
upon any audio stream (capture/playback) activity and audio mixer settings
within the device.
Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and
stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord.
-All DAPM power switching descisons are made automatically by consulting an audio
+All DAPM power switching decisions are made automatically by consulting an audio
routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and
consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including
internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called
==============
The overall project goal of the ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer is to provide
-better ALSA support for embedded system on chip procesors (e.g. pxa2xx, au1x00,
+better ALSA support for embedded system-on-chip processors (e.g. pxa2xx, au1x00,
iMX, etc) and portable audio codecs. Currently there is some support in the
kernel for SoC audio, however it has some limitations:-
* Currently, codec drivers are often tightly coupled to the underlying SoC
- cpu. This is not ideal and leads to code duplication i.e. Linux now has 4
+ CPU. This is not ideal and leads to code duplication i.e. Linux now has 4
different wm8731 drivers for 4 different SoC platforms.
- * There is no standard method to signal user initiated audio events.
- e.g. Headphone/Mic insertion, Headphone/Mic detection after an insertion
- event. These are quite common events on portable devices and ofter require
- machine specific code to re route audio, enable amps etc after such an event.
+ * There is no standard method to signal user initiated audio events (e.g.
+ Headphone/Mic insertion, Headphone/Mic detection after an insertion
+ event). These are quite common events on portable devices and often require
+ machine specific code to re-route audio, enable amps, etc., after such an
+ event.
* Current drivers tend to power up the entire codec when playing
(or recording) audio. This is fine for a PC, but tends to waste a lot of
signals the codec when to change power states.
* Machine specific controls: Allow machines to add controls to the sound card
- e.g. volume control for speaker amp.
+ (e.g. volume control for speaker amp).
To achieve all this, ASoC basically splits an embedded audio system into 3
components :-
interface drivers (e.g. I2S, AC97, PCM) for that platform.
* Machine driver: The machine driver handles any machine specific controls and
- audio events. i.e. turing on an amp at start of playback.
+ audio events (e.g. turning on an amp at start of playback).
Documentation
int (*trigger)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, int);
};
-The platform driver exports it's DMA functionailty via struct snd_soc_platform:-
+The platform driver exports its DMA functionality via struct snd_soc_platform:-
struct snd_soc_platform {
char *name;
=====================
Pops and clicks are unwanted audio artifacts caused by the powering up and down
-of components within the audio subsystem. This is noticable on PC's when an
+of components within the audio subsystem. This is noticeable on PCs when an
audio module is either loaded or unloaded (at module load time the sound card is
powered up and causes a popping noise on the speakers).
===================================
Playback pops in portable audio subsystems cannot be completely eliminated atm,
-however future audio codec hardware will have better pop and click supression.
+however future audio codec hardware will have better pop and click suppression.
Pops can be reduced within playback by powering the audio components in a
specific order. This order is different for startup and shutdown and follows
some basic rules:-
==================================
Capture artifacts are somewhat easier to get rid as we can delay activating the
-ADC until all the pops have occured. This follows similar power rules to
+ADC until all the pops have occurred. This follows similar power rules to
playback in that components are powered in a sequence depending upon stream
startup or shutdown.
An enabled fan in level "auto" may stop spinning if the EC decides the
ThinkPad is cool enough and doesn't need the extra airflow. This is
-normal, and the EC will spin the fan up if the varios thermal readings
+normal, and the EC will spin the fan up if the various thermal readings
rise too much.
On the X40, this seems to depend on the CPU and HDD temperatures.
help
kexec is a system call that implements the ability to shutdown your
current kernel, and to start another kernel. It is like a reboot
- but it is indepedent of the system firmware. And like a reboot
+ but it is independent of the system firmware. And like a reboot
you can start any kernel with it, not just Linux.
It is an ongoing process to be certain the hardware in a machine
endmenu
-menu "Power managment options"
+menu "Power management options"
menu "CPU Frequency scaling"
bool "Locate interrupt entry code in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled interrupt entry code (STORE/RESTORE CONTEXT) is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, interrupt entry code (STORE/RESTORE CONTEXT) is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config EXCPT_IRQ_SYSC_L1
- bool "Locate entire ASM lowlevel excepetion / interrupt - Syscall and CPLB handler code in L1 Memory"
+ bool "Locate entire ASM lowlevel exception / interrupt - Syscall and CPLB handler code in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled entire ASM lowlevel exception and interrupt entry code (STORE/RESTORE CONTEXT) is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the entire ASM lowlevel exception and interrupt entry code
+ (STORE/RESTORE CONTEXT) is linked into L1 instruction memory.
+ (less latency)
config DO_IRQ_L1
bool "Locate frequently called do_irq dispatcher function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled frequently called do_irq dispatcher function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the frequently called do_irq dispatcher function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config CORE_TIMER_IRQ_L1
bool "Locate frequently called timer_interrupt() function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled frequently called timer_interrupt() function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the frequently called timer_interrupt() function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config IDLE_L1
bool "Locate frequently idle function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled frequently called idle function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the frequently called idle function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config SCHEDULE_L1
bool "Locate kernel schedule function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled frequently called kernel schedule is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the frequently called kernel schedule is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config ARITHMETIC_OPS_L1
bool "Locate kernel owned arithmetic functions in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled arithmetic functions are linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, arithmetic functions are linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config ACCESS_OK_L1
bool "Locate access_ok function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled access_ok function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the access_ok function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config MEMSET_L1
bool "Locate memset function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled memset function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the memset function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config MEMCPY_L1
bool "Locate memcpy function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled memcpy function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the memcpy function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config SYS_BFIN_SPINLOCK_L1
bool "Locate sys_bfin_spinlock function in L1 Memory"
default y
help
- If enabled sys_bfin_spinlock function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, sys_bfin_spinlock function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config IP_CHECKSUM_L1
bool "Locate IP Checksum function in L1 Memory"
default n
help
- If enabled IP Checksum function is linked
- into L1 instruction memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the IP Checksum function is linked
+ into L1 instruction memory. (less latency)
config CACHELINE_ALIGNED_L1
bool "Locate cacheline_aligned data to L1 Data Memory"
default n if BF54x
depends on !BF531
help
- If enabled cacheline_anligned data is linked
- into L1 data memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, cacheline_anligned data is linked
+ into L1 data memory. (less latency)
config SYSCALL_TAB_L1
bool "Locate Syscall Table L1 Data Memory"
default n
depends on !BF531
help
- If enabled the Syscall LUT is linked
- into L1 data memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the Syscall LUT is linked
+ into L1 data memory. (less latency)
config CPLB_SWITCH_TAB_L1
bool "Locate CPLB Switch Tables L1 Data Memory"
default n
depends on !BF531
help
- If enabled the CPLB Switch Tables are linked
- into L1 data memory.(less latency)
+ If enabled, the CPLB Switch Tables are linked
+ into L1 data memory. (less latency)
endmenu
from.
config DEBUG_ICACHE_CHECK
- bool "Check Instruction cache coherancy"
+ bool "Check Instruction cache coherency"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
depends on DEBUG_HWERR
help
- Say Y here if you are getting wierd unexplained errors. This will
- ensure that icache is what SDRAM says it should be, by doing a
- byte wise comparision between SDRAM and instruction cache. This
+ Say Y here if you are getting weird unexplained errors. This will
+ ensure that icache is what SDRAM says it should be by doing a
+ byte wise comparison between SDRAM and instruction cache. This
also relocates the irq_panic() function to L1 memory, (which is
un-cached).
set this to same as CONFIG_ETRAX_LED1G (normally 2).
config ETRAX_LED8Y
- int "Eigth yellow LED bit"
+ int "Eighth yellow LED bit"
depends on ETRAX_CSP0_LEDS
default "2"
help
config IA64_MC_ERR_INJECT
tristate "MC error injection support"
help
- Selets whether support for MC error injection. By enabling the
- support, kernel provide sysfs interface for user application to
- call MC error injection PAL procedure to inject various errors.
+ Adds support for MC error injection. If enabled, the kernel
+ will provide a sysfs interface for user applications to
+ call MC error injection PAL procedures to inject various errors.
This is a useful tool for MCA testing.
If you're unsure, do not select this option.
but it is independent of the system firmware. And like a reboot
you can start any kernel with it, not just Linux.
- The name comes from the similiarity to the exec system call.
+ The name comes from the similarity to the exec system call.
It is an ongoing process to be certain the hardware in a machine
is properly shutdown, so do not be surprised if this code does not
but it is independent of the system firmware. And like a reboot
you can start any kernel with it, not just Linux.
- The name comes from the similiarity to the exec system call.
+ The name comes from the similarity to the exec system call.
It is an ongoing process to be certain the hardware in a machine
is properly shutdown, so do not be surprised if this code does not
depends on PPC_IBM_CELL_BLADE
help
PMI (Platform Management Interrupt) is a way to
- communicate with the BMC (Baseboard Mangement Controller).
+ communicate with the BMC (Baseboard Management Controller).
It is used in some IBM Cell blades.
default m
option defconfig_list
default "arch/$ARCH/defconfig"
-# UML uses the generic IRQ sugsystem
+# UML uses the generic IRQ subsystem
config GENERIC_HARDIRQS
bool
default y
depends on ARCH_IXP2000
select I2C_ALGOBIT
help
- Say Y here if you have an Intel IXP2000(2400, 2800, 2850) based
+ Say Y here if you have an Intel IXP2000 (2400, 2800, 2850) based
system and are using GPIO lines for an I2C bus.
This support is also available as a module. If so, the module
default y
help
This exposes the various PowerMac i2c interfaces to the linux i2c
- layer and to userland. It is used by various drivers on the powemac
- platform, thus should generally be enabled.
+ layer and to userland. It is used by various drivers on the PowerMac
+ platform, and should generally be enabled.
This support is also available as a module. If so, the module
will be called i2c-powermac.
tristate "Simtec Generic I2C interface"
select I2C_ALGOBIT
help
- If you say yes to this option, support will be inclyded for
+ If you say yes to this option, support will be included for
the Simtec Generic I2C interface. This driver is for the
simple I2C bus used on newer Simtec products for general
I2C, such as DDC on the Simtec BBD2016A.
- This driver can also be build as a module. If so, the module
+ This driver can also be built as a module. If so, the module
will be called i2c-simtec.
config SCx200_I2C
select LEDS_CLASS
select CHECK_SIGNATURE
help
- Say Y here for support of Winstron laptop button interface, used on
+ Say Y here for support of Wistron laptop button interfaces, used on
laptops of various brands, including Acer and Fujitsu-Siemens. If
- available, mail and wifi leds will be controlable via /sys/class/leds.
+ available, mail and wifi LEDs will be controllable via /sys/class/leds.
To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module will
be called wistron_btns.
---help---
This is the core driver for the Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia
companion chip. This device is a multifunction device which may
- provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller USB gadget,
- Asyncronous Serial ports, Audio functions and a dual display video
+ provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller, USB gadget,
+ asynchronous serial ports, audio functions, and a dual display video
interface. The device may be connected by PCI or local bus with
varying functions enabled.
For more information about this driver see
<file:Documentation/thinkpad-acpi.txt> and <http://ibm-acpi.sf.net/> .
- This driver was formely known as ibm-acpi.
+ This driver was formerly known as ibm-acpi.
If you have an IBM or Lenovo ThinkPad laptop, say Y or M here.
default y
---help---
Allows the thinkpad_acpi driver to handle removable bays. It will
- eletrically disable the device in the bay, and also generate
+ electrically disable the device in the bay, and also generate
notifications when the bay lever is ejected or inserted.
If you are not sure, say Y here.
help
This is the total width of the data bus of the flash devices
in octets. For example, if you have a data bus width of 32
- bits, you would set the bus width octect value to 4. This is
+ bits, you would set the bus width octet value to 4. This is
used internally by the CFI drivers.
Ignore this option if you use run-time physmap configuration
(i.e., run-time calling physmap_configure()).
depends on PMC_MSP && MTD_CFI
select MTD_PARTITIONS
help
- This provides a 'mapping' driver which support the way
- in which user-programmable flash chips are connected on the
- PMC-Sierra MSP eval/demo boards
+ This provides a 'mapping' driver which supports the way
+ in which user-programmable flash chips are connected on the
+ PMC-Sierra MSP eval/demo boards.
choice
- prompt "Maximum mappable memory avialable for flash IO"
+ prompt "Maximum mappable memory available for flash IO"
depends on MTD_PMC_MSP_EVM
default MSP_FLASH_MAP_LIMIT_32M
depends on BFIN_MAC && BF537
default y
help
- To get maximum network performace, you should use L1 memory as rx/tx buffers.
+ To get maximum network performance, you should use L1 memory as rx/tx buffers.
Say N here if you want to reserve L1 memory for other uses.
config BFIN_TX_DESC_NUM
depends on MENELAUS
help
If you say yes here you get support for the RTC on the
- TWL92330 "Menelaus" power mangement chip, used with OMAP2
+ TWL92330 "Menelaus" power management chip, used with OMAP2
platforms. The support is integrated with the rest of
the Menelaus driver; it's not separate module.
kernel will automatically use the first serial line, /dev/ttyS0, as
system console.
- you can set that using a kernel command line option such as
+ You can set that using a kernel command line option such as
"console=uart8250,io,0x3f8,9600n8"
"console=uart8250,mmio,0xff5e0000,115200n8".
- and it will switch to normal serial console when correponding port is
- ready.
+ and it will switch to normal serial console when the corresponding
+ port is ready.
"earlycon=uart8250,io,0x3f8,9600n8"
"earlycon=uart8250,mmio,0xff5e0000,115200n8".
it will not only setup early console.
#
-# USB Imageing devices configuration
+# USB Imaging devices configuration
#
comment "USB Imaging devices"
depends on USB
depends on USB_SERIAL && EXPERIMENTAL
---help---
Say Y here if you want to use a cyberJack pinpad/e-com USB chipcard
- reader. This is an interface to ISO 7816 compatible contactbased
+ reader. This is an interface to ISO 7816 compatible contact-based
chipcards, e.g. GSM SIMs.
To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
help
This enables support for the Hecuba board. This driver was tested
with an E-Ink 800x600 display and x86 SBCs through a 16 bit GPIO
- interface (8 bit data, 4 bit control). If you anticpate using
+ interface (8 bit data, 4 bit control). If you anticipate using
this driver, say Y or M; otherwise say N. You must specify the
GPIO IO address to be used for setting control and data.
help
This is the framebuffer device for the Sun XVR-500 and similar
graphics cards based upon the 3DLABS Wildcat chipset. The driver
- only works on sparc64 systems where the system firwmare has
+ only works on sparc64 systems where the system firmware has
mostly initialized the card already. It is treated as a
completely dumb framebuffer device.
help
This is the framebuffer device for the Sun XVR-2500 and similar
graphics cards based upon the 3DLABS Wildcat chipset. The driver
- only works on sparc64 systems where the system firwmare has
+ only works on sparc64 systems where the system firmware has
mostly initialized the card already. It is treated as a
completely dumb framebuffer device.
The scrollback buffer of the standard VGA console is located in
the VGA RAM. The size of this RAM is fixed and is quite small.
If you require a larger scrollback buffer, this can be placed in
- System RAM which is dynamically allocated during intialization.
+ System RAM which is dynamically allocated during initialization.
Placing the scrollback buffer in System RAM will slightly slow
down the console.
Frame buffer driver for OMAP based boards.
config FB_OMAP_BOOTLOADER_INIT
- bool "Check bootloader initializaion"
+ bool "Check bootloader initialization"
depends on FB_OMAP
help
Say Y here if you want to enable checking if the bootloader has
bool "Debug information"
depends on NET_9P
help
- Say Y if you want the 9P subsistem to log debug information.
+ Say Y if you want the 9P subsystem to log debug information.
depends on EXPERIMENTAL
default n
---help---
- TCP-Illinois is a sender-side modificatio of TCP Reno for
+ TCP-Illinois is a sender-side modification of TCP Reno for
high speed long delay links. It uses round-trip-time to
adjust the alpha and beta parameters to achieve a higher average
throughput and maintain fairness.
projects / linux-2.6-omap-h63xx.git / commitdiff