[linux-2.6-omap-h63xx.git] / mm / memcontrol.c

/* memcontrol.c - Memory Controller
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2007
 * Author Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *
 * Copyright 2007 OpenVZ SWsoft Inc
 * Author: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <linux/res_counter.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
#include "internal.h"

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys __read_mostly;
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES      5

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
/* Turned on only when memory cgroup is enabled && really_do_swap_account = 0 */
int do_swap_account __read_mostly;
static int really_do_swap_account __initdata = 1; /* for remember boot option*/
#else
#define do_swap_account         (0)
#endif


/*
 * Statistics for memory cgroup.
 */
enum mem_cgroup_stat_index {
        /*
         * For MEM_CONTAINER_TYPE_ALL, usage = pagecache + rss.
         */
        MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE,     /* # of pages charged as cache */
        MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS,       /* # of pages charged as rss */
        MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGIN_COUNT,   /* # of pages paged in */
        MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGOUT_COUNT,  /* # of pages paged out */

        MEM_CGROUP_STAT_NSTATS,
};

struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu {
        s64 count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_NSTATS];
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;

struct mem_cgroup_stat {
        struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu cpustat[0];
};

/*
 * For accounting under irq disable, no need for increment preempt count.
 */
static inline void __mem_cgroup_stat_add_safe(struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu *stat,
                enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx, int val)
{
        stat->count[idx] += val;
}

static s64 mem_cgroup_read_stat(struct mem_cgroup_stat *stat,
                enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
{
        int cpu;
        s64 ret = 0;
        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                ret += stat->cpustat[cpu].count[idx];
        return ret;
}

/*
 * per-zone information in memory controller.
 */
struct mem_cgroup_per_zone {
        /*
         * spin_lock to protect the per cgroup LRU
         */
        struct list_head        lists[NR_LRU_LISTS];
        unsigned long           count[NR_LRU_LISTS];

        struct zone_reclaim_stat reclaim_stat;
};
/* Macro for accessing counter */
#define MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, idx)       ((mz)->count[(idx)])

struct mem_cgroup_per_node {
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone zoneinfo[MAX_NR_ZONES];
};

struct mem_cgroup_lru_info {
        struct mem_cgroup_per_node *nodeinfo[MAX_NUMNODES];
};

/*
 * The memory controller data structure. The memory controller controls both
 * page cache and RSS per cgroup. We would eventually like to provide
 * statistics based on the statistics developed by Rik Van Riel for clock-pro,
 * to help the administrator determine what knobs to tune.
 *
 * TODO: Add a water mark for the memory controller. Reclaim will begin when
 * we hit the water mark. May be even add a low water mark, such that
 * no reclaim occurs from a cgroup at it's low water mark, this is
 * a feature that will be implemented much later in the future.
 */
struct mem_cgroup {
        struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
        /*
         * the counter to account for memory usage
         */
        struct res_counter res;
        /*
         * the counter to account for mem+swap usage.
         */
        struct res_counter memsw;
        /*
         * Per cgroup active and inactive list, similar to the
         * per zone LRU lists.
         */
        struct mem_cgroup_lru_info info;

        /*
          protect against reclaim related member.
        */
        spinlock_t reclaim_param_lock;

        int     prev_priority;  /* for recording reclaim priority */

        /*
         * While reclaiming in a hiearchy, we cache the last child we
         * reclaimed from. Protected by cgroup_lock()
         */
        struct mem_cgroup *last_scanned_child;
        /*
         * Should the accounting and control be hierarchical, per subtree?
         */
        bool use_hierarchy;
        unsigned long   last_oom_jiffies;
        int             obsolete;
        atomic_t        refcnt;

        unsigned int    swappiness;

        /*
         * statistics. This must be placed at the end of memcg.
         */
        struct mem_cgroup_stat stat;
};

enum charge_type {
        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE = 0,
        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED,
        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM,   /* used by page migration of shmem */
        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_FORCE,   /* used by force_empty */
        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT, /* for accounting swapcache */
        NR_CHARGE_TYPE,
};

/* only for here (for easy reading.) */
#define PCGF_CACHE      (1UL << PCG_CACHE)
#define PCGF_USED       (1UL << PCG_USED)
#define PCGF_LOCK       (1UL << PCG_LOCK)
static const unsigned long
pcg_default_flags[NR_CHARGE_TYPE] = {
        PCGF_CACHE | PCGF_USED | PCGF_LOCK, /* File Cache */
        PCGF_USED | PCGF_LOCK, /* Anon */
        PCGF_CACHE | PCGF_USED | PCGF_LOCK, /* Shmem */
        0, /* FORCE */
};

/* for encoding cft->private value on file */
#define _MEM                    (0)
#define _MEMSWAP                (1)
#define MEMFILE_PRIVATE(x, val) (((x) << 16) | (val))
#define MEMFILE_TYPE(val)       (((val) >> 16) & 0xffff)
#define MEMFILE_ATTR(val)       ((val) & 0xffff)

static void mem_cgroup_get(struct mem_cgroup *mem);
static void mem_cgroup_put(struct mem_cgroup *mem);

static void mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
                                         struct page_cgroup *pc,
                                         bool charge)
{
        int val = (charge)? 1 : -1;
        struct mem_cgroup_stat *stat = &mem->stat;
        struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu *cpustat;
        int cpu = get_cpu();

        cpustat = &stat->cpustat[cpu];
        if (PageCgroupCache(pc))
                __mem_cgroup_stat_add_safe(cpustat, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE, val);
        else
                __mem_cgroup_stat_add_safe(cpustat, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS, val);

        if (charge)
                __mem_cgroup_stat_add_safe(cpustat,
                                MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGIN_COUNT, 1);
        else
                __mem_cgroup_stat_add_safe(cpustat,
                                MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGOUT_COUNT, 1);
        put_cpu();
}

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(struct mem_cgroup *mem, int nid, int zid)
{
        return &mem->info.nodeinfo[nid]->zoneinfo[zid];
}

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
page_cgroup_zoneinfo(struct page_cgroup *pc)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = pc->mem_cgroup;
        int nid = page_cgroup_nid(pc);
        int zid = page_cgroup_zid(pc);

        if (!mem)
                return NULL;

        return mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem, nid, zid);
}

static unsigned long mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
                                        enum lru_list idx)
{
        int nid, zid;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
        u64 total = 0;

        for_each_online_node(nid)
                for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
                        mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem, nid, zid);
                        total += MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, idx);
                }
        return total;
}

static struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_cont(struct cgroup *cont)
{
        return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cont,
                                mem_cgroup_subsys_id), struct mem_cgroup,
                                css);
}

struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_task(struct task_struct *p)
{
        /*
         * mm_update_next_owner() may clear mm->owner to NULL
         * if it races with swapoff, page migration, etc.
         * So this can be called with p == NULL.
         */
        if (unlikely(!p))
                return NULL;

        return container_of(task_subsys_state(p, mem_cgroup_subsys_id),
                                struct mem_cgroup, css);
}

/*
 * Following LRU functions are allowed to be used without PCG_LOCK.
 * Operations are called by routine of global LRU independently from memcg.
 * What we have to take care of here is validness of pc->mem_cgroup.
 *
 * Changes to pc->mem_cgroup happens when
 * 1. charge
 * 2. moving account
 * In typical case, "charge" is done before add-to-lru. Exception is SwapCache.
 * It is added to LRU before charge.
 * If PCG_USED bit is not set, page_cgroup is not added to this private LRU.
 * When moving account, the page is not on LRU. It's isolated.
 */

void mem_cgroup_del_lru_list(struct page *page, enum lru_list lru)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;
        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        /* can happen while we handle swapcache. */
        if (list_empty(&pc->lru))
                return;
        mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
        mem = pc->mem_cgroup;
        MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru) -= 1;
        list_del_init(&pc->lru);
        return;
}

void mem_cgroup_del_lru(struct page *page)
{
        mem_cgroup_del_lru_list(page, page_lru(page));
}

void mem_cgroup_rotate_lru_list(struct page *page, enum lru_list lru)
{
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
        struct page_cgroup *pc;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;

        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        smp_rmb();
        /* unused page is not rotated. */
        if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
                return;
        mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
        list_move(&pc->lru, &mz->lists[lru]);
}

void mem_cgroup_add_lru_list(struct page *page, enum lru_list lru)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;
        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        /* barrier to sync with "charge" */
        smp_rmb();
        if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
                return;

        mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
        MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru) += 1;
        list_add(&pc->lru, &mz->lists[lru]);
}
/*
 * To add swapcache into LRU. Be careful to all this function.
 * zone->lru_lock shouldn't be held and irq must not be disabled.
 */
static void mem_cgroup_lru_fixup(struct page *page)
{
        if (!isolate_lru_page(page))
                putback_lru_page(page);
}

void mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page *page,
                           enum lru_list from, enum lru_list to)
{
        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;
        mem_cgroup_del_lru_list(page, from);
        mem_cgroup_add_lru_list(page, to);
}

int task_in_mem_cgroup(struct task_struct *task, const struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        int ret;

        task_lock(task);
        ret = task->mm && mm_match_cgroup(task->mm, mem);
        task_unlock(task);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Calculate mapped_ratio under memory controller. This will be used in
 * vmscan.c for deteremining we have to reclaim mapped pages.
 */
int mem_cgroup_calc_mapped_ratio(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        long total, rss;

        /*
         * usage is recorded in bytes. But, here, we assume the number of
         * physical pages can be represented by "long" on any arch.
         */
        total = (long) (mem->res.usage >> PAGE_SHIFT) + 1L;
        rss = (long)mem_cgroup_read_stat(&mem->stat, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS);
        return (int)((rss * 100L) / total);
}

/*
 * prev_priority control...this will be used in memory reclaim path.
 */
int mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_priority(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        int prev_priority;

        spin_lock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);
        prev_priority = mem->prev_priority;
        spin_unlock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);

        return prev_priority;
}

void mem_cgroup_note_reclaim_priority(struct mem_cgroup *mem, int priority)
{
        spin_lock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);
        if (priority < mem->prev_priority)
                mem->prev_priority = priority;
        spin_unlock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);
}

void mem_cgroup_record_reclaim_priority(struct mem_cgroup *mem, int priority)
{
        spin_lock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);
        mem->prev_priority = priority;
        spin_unlock(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);
}

static int calc_inactive_ratio(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, unsigned long *present_pages)
{
        unsigned long active;
        unsigned long inactive;
        unsigned long gb;
        unsigned long inactive_ratio;

        inactive = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(memcg, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON);
        active = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(memcg, LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);

        gb = (inactive + active) >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT);
        if (gb)
                inactive_ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb);
        else
                inactive_ratio = 1;

        if (present_pages) {
                present_pages[0] = inactive;
                present_pages[1] = active;
        }

        return inactive_ratio;
}

int mem_cgroup_inactive_anon_is_low(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
        unsigned long active;
        unsigned long inactive;
        unsigned long present_pages[2];
        unsigned long inactive_ratio;

        inactive_ratio = calc_inactive_ratio(memcg, present_pages);

        inactive = present_pages[0];
        active = present_pages[1];

        if (inactive * inactive_ratio < active)
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

unsigned long mem_cgroup_zone_nr_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
                                       struct zone *zone,
                                       enum lru_list lru)
{
        int nid = zone->zone_pgdat->node_id;
        int zid = zone_idx(zone);
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);

        return MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru);
}

struct zone_reclaim_stat *mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
                                                      struct zone *zone)
{
        int nid = zone->zone_pgdat->node_id;
        int zid = zone_idx(zone);
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);

        return &mz->reclaim_stat;
}

struct zone_reclaim_stat *
mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_stat_from_page(struct page *page)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return NULL;

        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
        if (!mz)
                return NULL;

        return &mz->reclaim_stat;
}

unsigned long mem_cgroup_isolate_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
                                        struct list_head *dst,
                                        unsigned long *scanned, int order,
                                        int mode, struct zone *z,
                                        struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont,
                                        int active, int file)
{
        unsigned long nr_taken = 0;
        struct page *page;
        unsigned long scan;
        LIST_HEAD(pc_list);
        struct list_head *src;
        struct page_cgroup *pc, *tmp;
        int nid = z->zone_pgdat->node_id;
        int zid = zone_idx(z);
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
        int lru = LRU_FILE * !!file + !!active;

        BUG_ON(!mem_cont);
        mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem_cont, nid, zid);
        src = &mz->lists[lru];

        scan = 0;
        list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(pc, tmp, src, lru) {
                if (scan >= nr_to_scan)
                        break;

                page = pc->page;
                if (unlikely(!PageCgroupUsed(pc)))
                        continue;
                if (unlikely(!PageLRU(page)))
                        continue;

                scan++;
                if (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode, file) == 0) {
                        list_move(&page->lru, dst);
                        nr_taken++;
                }
        }

        *scanned = scan;
        return nr_taken;
}

#define mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(counter, member)    \
        container_of(counter, struct mem_cgroup, member)

/*
 * This routine finds the DFS walk successor. This routine should be
 * called with cgroup_mutex held
 */
static struct mem_cgroup *
mem_cgroup_get_next_node(struct mem_cgroup *curr, struct mem_cgroup *root_mem)
{
        struct cgroup *cgroup, *curr_cgroup, *root_cgroup;

        curr_cgroup = curr->css.cgroup;
        root_cgroup = root_mem->css.cgroup;

        if (!list_empty(&curr_cgroup->children)) {
                /*
                 * Walk down to children
                 */
                mem_cgroup_put(curr);
                cgroup = list_entry(curr_cgroup->children.next,
                                                struct cgroup, sibling);
                curr = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);
                mem_cgroup_get(curr);
                goto done;
        }

visit_parent:
        if (curr_cgroup == root_cgroup) {
                mem_cgroup_put(curr);
                curr = root_mem;
                mem_cgroup_get(curr);
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Goto next sibling
         */
        if (curr_cgroup->sibling.next != &curr_cgroup->parent->children) {
                mem_cgroup_put(curr);
                cgroup = list_entry(curr_cgroup->sibling.next, struct cgroup,
                                                sibling);
                curr = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);
                mem_cgroup_get(curr);
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Go up to next parent and next parent's sibling if need be
         */
        curr_cgroup = curr_cgroup->parent;
        goto visit_parent;

done:
        root_mem->last_scanned_child = curr;
        return curr;
}

/*
 * Visit the first child (need not be the first child as per the ordering
 * of the cgroup list, since we track last_scanned_child) of @mem and use
 * that to reclaim free pages from.
 */
static struct mem_cgroup *
mem_cgroup_get_first_node(struct mem_cgroup *root_mem)
{
        struct cgroup *cgroup;
        struct mem_cgroup *ret;
        bool obsolete = (root_mem->last_scanned_child &&
                                root_mem->last_scanned_child->obsolete);

        /*
         * Scan all children under the mem_cgroup mem
         */
        cgroup_lock();
        if (list_empty(&root_mem->css.cgroup->children)) {
                ret = root_mem;
                goto done;
        }

        if (!root_mem->last_scanned_child || obsolete) {

                if (obsolete)
                        mem_cgroup_put(root_mem->last_scanned_child);

                cgroup = list_first_entry(&root_mem->css.cgroup->children,
                                struct cgroup, sibling);
                ret = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);
                mem_cgroup_get(ret);
        } else
                ret = mem_cgroup_get_next_node(root_mem->last_scanned_child,
                                                root_mem);

done:
        root_mem->last_scanned_child = ret;
        cgroup_unlock();
        return ret;
}

static bool mem_cgroup_check_under_limit(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        if (do_swap_account) {
                if (res_counter_check_under_limit(&mem->res) &&
                        res_counter_check_under_limit(&mem->memsw))
                        return true;
        } else
                if (res_counter_check_under_limit(&mem->res))
                        return true;
        return false;
}

static unsigned int get_swappiness(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
        struct cgroup *cgrp = memcg->css.cgroup;
        unsigned int swappiness;

        /* root ? */
        if (cgrp->parent == NULL)
                return vm_swappiness;

        spin_lock(&memcg->reclaim_param_lock);
        swappiness = memcg->swappiness;
        spin_unlock(&memcg->reclaim_param_lock);

        return swappiness;
}

/*
 * Dance down the hierarchy if needed to reclaim memory. We remember the
 * last child we reclaimed from, so that we don't end up penalizing
 * one child extensively based on its position in the children list.
 *
 * root_mem is the original ancestor that we've been reclaim from.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim(struct mem_cgroup *root_mem,
                                                gfp_t gfp_mask, bool noswap)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *next_mem;
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * Reclaim unconditionally and don't check for return value.
         * We need to reclaim in the current group and down the tree.
         * One might think about checking for children before reclaiming,
         * but there might be left over accounting, even after children
         * have left.
         */
        ret = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(root_mem, gfp_mask, noswap,
                                           get_swappiness(root_mem));
        if (mem_cgroup_check_under_limit(root_mem))
                return 0;
        if (!root_mem->use_hierarchy)
                return ret;

        next_mem = mem_cgroup_get_first_node(root_mem);

        while (next_mem != root_mem) {
                if (next_mem->obsolete) {
                        mem_cgroup_put(next_mem);
                        cgroup_lock();
                        next_mem = mem_cgroup_get_first_node(root_mem);
                        cgroup_unlock();
                        continue;
                }
                ret = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(next_mem, gfp_mask, noswap,
                                                   get_swappiness(next_mem));
                if (mem_cgroup_check_under_limit(root_mem))
                        return 0;
                cgroup_lock();
                next_mem = mem_cgroup_get_next_node(next_mem, root_mem);
                cgroup_unlock();
        }
        return ret;
}

bool mem_cgroup_oom_called(struct task_struct *task)
{
        bool ret = false;
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        struct mm_struct *mm;

        rcu_read_lock();
        mm = task->mm;
        if (!mm)
                mm = &init_mm;
        mem = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner));
        if (mem && time_before(jiffies, mem->last_oom_jiffies + HZ/10))
                ret = true;
        rcu_read_unlock();
        return ret;
}
/*
 * Unlike exported interface, "oom" parameter is added. if oom==true,
 * oom-killer can be invoked.
 */
static int __mem_cgroup_try_charge(struct mm_struct *mm,
                        gfp_t gfp_mask, struct mem_cgroup **memcg,
                        bool oom)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem, *mem_over_limit;
        int nr_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
        struct res_counter *fail_res;

        if (unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))) {
                /* Don't account this! */
                *memcg = NULL;
                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * We always charge the cgroup the mm_struct belongs to.
         * The mm_struct's mem_cgroup changes on task migration if the
         * thread group leader migrates. It's possible that mm is not
         * set, if so charge the init_mm (happens for pagecache usage).
         */
        if (likely(!*memcg)) {
                rcu_read_lock();
                mem = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner));
                if (unlikely(!mem)) {
                        rcu_read_unlock();
                        return 0;
                }
                /*
                 * For every charge from the cgroup, increment reference count
                 */
                css_get(&mem->css);
                *memcg = mem;
                rcu_read_unlock();
        } else {
                mem = *memcg;
                css_get(&mem->css);
        }

        while (1) {
                int ret;
                bool noswap = false;

                ret = res_counter_charge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE, &fail_res);
                if (likely(!ret)) {
                        if (!do_swap_account)
                                break;
                        ret = res_counter_charge(&mem->memsw, PAGE_SIZE,
                                                        &fail_res);
                        if (likely(!ret))
                                break;
                        /* mem+swap counter fails */
                        res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE);
                        noswap = true;
                        mem_over_limit = mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(fail_res,
                                                                        memsw);
                } else
                        /* mem counter fails */
                        mem_over_limit = mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(fail_res,
                                                                        res);

                if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
                        goto nomem;

                ret = mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask,
                                                        noswap);

                /*
                 * try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages() might not give us a full
                 * picture of reclaim. Some pages are reclaimed and might be
                 * moved to swap cache or just unmapped from the cgroup.
                 * Check the limit again to see if the reclaim reduced the
                 * current usage of the cgroup before giving up
                 *
                 */
                if (mem_cgroup_check_under_limit(mem_over_limit))
                        continue;

                if (!nr_retries--) {
                        if (oom) {
                                mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask);
                                mem_over_limit->last_oom_jiffies = jiffies;
                        }
                        goto nomem;
                }
        }
        return 0;
nomem:
        css_put(&mem->css);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * commit a charge got by __mem_cgroup_try_charge() and makes page_cgroup to be
 * USED state. If already USED, uncharge and return.
 */

static void __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
                                     struct page_cgroup *pc,
                                     enum charge_type ctype)
{
        /* try_charge() can return NULL to *memcg, taking care of it. */
        if (!mem)
                return;

        lock_page_cgroup(pc);
        if (unlikely(PageCgroupUsed(pc))) {
                unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
                res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE);
                if (do_swap_account)
                        res_counter_uncharge(&mem->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
                css_put(&mem->css);
                return;
        }
        pc->mem_cgroup = mem;
        smp_wmb();
        pc->flags = pcg_default_flags[ctype];

        mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(mem, pc, true);

        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_move_account - move account of the page
 * @pc: page_cgroup of the page.
 * @from: mem_cgroup which the page is moved from.
 * @to: mem_cgroup which the page is moved to. @from != @to.
 *
 * The caller must confirm following.
 * - page is not on LRU (isolate_page() is useful.)
 *
 * returns 0 at success,
 * returns -EBUSY when lock is busy or "pc" is unstable.
 *
 * This function does "uncharge" from old cgroup but doesn't do "charge" to
 * new cgroup. It should be done by a caller.
 */

static int mem_cgroup_move_account(struct page_cgroup *pc,
        struct mem_cgroup *from, struct mem_cgroup *to)
{
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *from_mz, *to_mz;
        int nid, zid;
        int ret = -EBUSY;

        VM_BUG_ON(from == to);
        VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(pc->page));

        nid = page_cgroup_nid(pc);
        zid = page_cgroup_zid(pc);
        from_mz =  mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(from, nid, zid);
        to_mz =  mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(to, nid, zid);

        if (!trylock_page_cgroup(pc))
                return ret;

        if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
                goto out;

        if (pc->mem_cgroup != from)
                goto out;

        css_put(&from->css);
        res_counter_uncharge(&from->res, PAGE_SIZE);
        mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(from, pc, false);
        if (do_swap_account)
                res_counter_uncharge(&from->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
        pc->mem_cgroup = to;
        mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(to, pc, true);
        css_get(&to->css);
        ret = 0;
out:
        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * move charges to its parent.
 */

static int mem_cgroup_move_parent(struct page_cgroup *pc,
                                  struct mem_cgroup *child,
                                  gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct page *page = pc->page;
        struct cgroup *cg = child->css.cgroup;
        struct cgroup *pcg = cg->parent;
        struct mem_cgroup *parent;
        int ret;

        /* Is ROOT ? */
        if (!pcg)
                return -EINVAL;


        parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(pcg);


        ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, gfp_mask, &parent, false);
        if (ret || !parent)
                return ret;

        if (!get_page_unless_zero(page))
                return -EBUSY;

        ret = isolate_lru_page(page);

        if (ret)
                goto cancel;

        ret = mem_cgroup_move_account(pc, child, parent);

        /* drop extra refcnt by try_charge() (move_account increment one) */
        css_put(&parent->css);
        putback_lru_page(page);
        if (!ret) {
                put_page(page);
                return 0;
        }
        /* uncharge if move fails */
cancel:
        res_counter_uncharge(&parent->res, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (do_swap_account)
                res_counter_uncharge(&parent->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
        put_page(page);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Charge the memory controller for page usage.
 * Return
 * 0 if the charge was successful
 * < 0 if the cgroup is over its limit
 */
static int mem_cgroup_charge_common(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm,
                                gfp_t gfp_mask, enum charge_type ctype,
                                struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        int ret;

        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        /* can happen at boot */
        if (unlikely(!pc))
                return 0;
        prefetchw(pc);

        mem = memcg;
        ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(mm, gfp_mask, &mem, true);
        if (ret || !mem)
                return ret;

        __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(mem, pc, ctype);
        return 0;
}

int mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(struct page *page,
                              struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;
        if (PageCompound(page))
                return 0;
        /*
         * If already mapped, we don't have to account.
         * If page cache, page->mapping has address_space.
         * But page->mapping may have out-of-use anon_vma pointer,
         * detecit it by PageAnon() check. newly-mapped-anon's page->mapping
         * is NULL.
         */
        if (page_mapped(page) || (page->mapping && !PageAnon(page)))
                return 0;
        if (unlikely(!mm))
                mm = &init_mm;
        return mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, gfp_mask,
                                MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED, NULL);
}

int mem_cgroup_cache_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm,
                                gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;
        if (PageCompound(page))
                return 0;
        /*
         * Corner case handling. This is called from add_to_page_cache()
         * in usual. But some FS (shmem) precharges this page before calling it
         * and call add_to_page_cache() with GFP_NOWAIT.
         *
         * For GFP_NOWAIT case, the page may be pre-charged before calling
         * add_to_page_cache(). (See shmem.c) check it here and avoid to call
         * charge twice. (It works but has to pay a bit larger cost.)
         */
        if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)) {
                struct page_cgroup *pc;


                pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
                if (!pc)
                        return 0;
                lock_page_cgroup(pc);
                if (PageCgroupUsed(pc)) {
                        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
                        return 0;
                }
                unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
        }

        if (unlikely(!mm))
                mm = &init_mm;

        if (page_is_file_cache(page))
                return mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, gfp_mask,
                                MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE, NULL);
        else
                return mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, gfp_mask,
                                MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM, NULL);
}

int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin(struct mm_struct *mm,
                                 struct page *page,
                                 gfp_t mask, struct mem_cgroup **ptr)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        swp_entry_t     ent;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;

        if (!do_swap_account)
                goto charge_cur_mm;

        /*
         * A racing thread's fault, or swapoff, may have already updated
         * the pte, and even removed page from swap cache: return success
         * to go on to do_swap_page()'s pte_same() test, which should fail.
         */
        if (!PageSwapCache(page))
                return 0;

        ent.val = page_private(page);

        mem = lookup_swap_cgroup(ent);
        if (!mem || mem->obsolete)
                goto charge_cur_mm;
        *ptr = mem;
        return __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, mask, ptr, true);
charge_cur_mm:
        if (unlikely(!mm))
                mm = &init_mm;
        return __mem_cgroup_try_charge(mm, mask, ptr, true);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP

int mem_cgroup_cache_charge_swapin(struct page *page,
                        struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t mask, bool locked)
{
        int ret = 0;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;
        if (unlikely(!mm))
                mm = &init_mm;
        if (!locked)
                lock_page(page);
        /*
         * If not locked, the page can be dropped from SwapCache until
         * we reach here.
         */
        if (PageSwapCache(page)) {
                struct mem_cgroup *mem = NULL;
                swp_entry_t ent;

                ent.val = page_private(page);
                if (do_swap_account) {
                        mem = lookup_swap_cgroup(ent);
                        if (mem && mem->obsolete)
                                mem = NULL;
                        if (mem)
                                mm = NULL;
                }
                ret = mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, mask,
                                MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM, mem);

                if (!ret && do_swap_account) {
                        /* avoid double counting */
                        mem = swap_cgroup_record(ent, NULL);
                        if (mem) {
                                res_counter_uncharge(&mem->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
                                mem_cgroup_put(mem);
                        }
                }
        }
        if (!locked)
                unlock_page(page);
        /* add this page(page_cgroup) to the LRU we want. */
        mem_cgroup_lru_fixup(page);

        return ret;
}
#endif

void mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *ptr)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;
        if (!ptr)
                return;
        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(ptr, pc, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED);
        /*
         * Now swap is on-memory. This means this page may be
         * counted both as mem and swap....double count.
         * Fix it by uncharging from memsw. This SwapCache is stable
         * because we're still under lock_page().
         */
        if (do_swap_account) {
                swp_entry_t ent = {.val = page_private(page)};
                struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
                memcg = swap_cgroup_record(ent, NULL);
                if (memcg) {
                        /* If memcg is obsolete, memcg can be != ptr */
                        res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
                        mem_cgroup_put(memcg);
                }

        }
        /* add this page(page_cgroup) to the LRU we want. */
        mem_cgroup_lru_fixup(page);
}

void mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return;
        if (!mem)
                return;
        res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (do_swap_account)
                res_counter_uncharge(&mem->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
        css_put(&mem->css);
}


/*
 * uncharge if !page_mapped(page)
 */
static struct mem_cgroup *
__mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(struct page *page, enum charge_type ctype)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = NULL;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return NULL;

        if (PageSwapCache(page))
                return NULL;

        /*
         * Check if our page_cgroup is valid
         */
        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        if (unlikely(!pc || !PageCgroupUsed(pc)))
                return NULL;

        lock_page_cgroup(pc);

        mem = pc->mem_cgroup;

        if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
                goto unlock_out;

        switch (ctype) {
        case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED:
                if (page_mapped(page))
                        goto unlock_out;
                break;
        case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT:
                if (!PageAnon(page)) {  /* Shared memory */
                        if (page->mapping && !page_is_file_cache(page))
                                goto unlock_out;
                } else if (page_mapped(page)) /* Anon */
                                goto unlock_out;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }

        res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (do_swap_account && (ctype != MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT))
                res_counter_uncharge(&mem->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);

        mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(mem, pc, false);
        ClearPageCgroupUsed(pc);

        mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);

        /* at swapout, this memcg will be accessed to record to swap */
        if (ctype != MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT)
                css_put(&mem->css);

        return mem;

unlock_out:
        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
        return NULL;
}

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(struct page *page)
{
        /* early check. */
        if (page_mapped(page))
                return;
        if (page->mapping && !PageAnon(page))
                return;
        __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED);
}

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(struct page *page)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(page_mapped(page));
        VM_BUG_ON(page->mapping);
        __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE);
}

/*
 * called from __delete_from_swap_cache() and drop "page" account.
 * memcg information is recorded to swap_cgroup of "ent"
 */
void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swapcache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t ent)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

        memcg = __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page,
                                        MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT);
        /* record memcg information */
        if (do_swap_account && memcg) {
                swap_cgroup_record(ent, memcg);
                mem_cgroup_get(memcg);
        }
        if (memcg)
                css_put(&memcg->css);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
/*
 * called from swap_entry_free(). remove record in swap_cgroup and
 * uncharge "memsw" account.
 */
void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t ent)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

        if (!do_swap_account)
                return;

        memcg = swap_cgroup_record(ent, NULL);
        if (memcg) {
                res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
                mem_cgroup_put(memcg);
        }
}
#endif

/*
 * Before starting migration, account PAGE_SIZE to mem_cgroup that the old
 * page belongs to.
 */
int mem_cgroup_prepare_migration(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup **ptr)
{
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = NULL;
        int ret = 0;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;

        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
        lock_page_cgroup(pc);
        if (PageCgroupUsed(pc)) {
                mem = pc->mem_cgroup;
                css_get(&mem->css);
        }
        unlock_page_cgroup(pc);

        if (mem) {
                ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, GFP_KERNEL, &mem, false);
                css_put(&mem->css);
        }
        *ptr = mem;
        return ret;
}

/* remove redundant charge if migration failed*/
void mem_cgroup_end_migration(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
                struct page *oldpage, struct page *newpage)
{
        struct page *target, *unused;
        struct page_cgroup *pc;
        enum charge_type ctype;

        if (!mem)
                return;

        /* at migration success, oldpage->mapping is NULL. */
        if (oldpage->mapping) {
                target = oldpage;
                unused = NULL;
        } else {
                target = newpage;
                unused = oldpage;
        }

        if (PageAnon(target))
                ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED;
        else if (page_is_file_cache(target))
                ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE;
        else
                ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM;

        /* unused page is not on radix-tree now. */
        if (unused)
                __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(unused, ctype);

        pc = lookup_page_cgroup(target);
        /*
         * __mem_cgroup_commit_charge() check PCG_USED bit of page_cgroup.
         * So, double-counting is effectively avoided.
         */
        __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(mem, pc, ctype);

        /*
         * Both of oldpage and newpage are still under lock_page().
         * Then, we don't have to care about race in radix-tree.
         * But we have to be careful that this page is unmapped or not.
         *
         * There is a case for !page_mapped(). At the start of
         * migration, oldpage was mapped. But now, it's zapped.
         * But we know *target* page is not freed/reused under us.
         * mem_cgroup_uncharge_page() does all necessary checks.
         */
        if (ctype == MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED)
                mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(target);
}

/*
 * A call to try to shrink memory usage under specified resource controller.
 * This is typically used for page reclaiming for shmem for reducing side
 * effect of page allocation from shmem, which is used by some mem_cgroup.
 */
int mem_cgroup_shrink_usage(struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        int progress = 0;
        int retry = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;

        if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
                return 0;
        if (!mm)
                return 0;

        rcu_read_lock();
        mem = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner));
        if (unlikely(!mem)) {
                rcu_read_unlock();
                return 0;
        }
        css_get(&mem->css);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        do {
                progress = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(mem, gfp_mask, true,
                                                        get_swappiness(mem));
                progress += mem_cgroup_check_under_limit(mem);
        } while (!progress && --retry);

        css_put(&mem->css);
        if (!retry)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

static DEFINE_MUTEX(set_limit_mutex);

static int mem_cgroup_resize_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
                                unsigned long long val)
{

        int retry_count = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
        int progress;
        u64 memswlimit;
        int ret = 0;

        while (retry_count) {
                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        ret = -EINTR;
                        break;
                }
                /*
                 * Rather than hide all in some function, I do this in
                 * open coded manner. You see what this really does.
                 * We have to guarantee mem->res.limit < mem->memsw.limit.
                 */
                mutex_lock(&set_limit_mutex);
                memswlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
                if (memswlimit < val) {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);
                        break;
                }
                ret = res_counter_set_limit(&memcg->res, val);
                mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);

                if (!ret)
                        break;

                progress = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(memcg,
                                                        GFP_KERNEL,
                                                        false,
                                                        get_swappiness(memcg));
                if (!progress)                  retry_count--;
        }

        return ret;
}

int mem_cgroup_resize_memsw_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
                                unsigned long long val)
{
        int retry_count = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
        u64 memlimit, oldusage, curusage;
        int ret;

        if (!do_swap_account)
                return -EINVAL;

        while (retry_count) {
                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        ret = -EINTR;
                        break;
                }
                /*
                 * Rather than hide all in some function, I do this in
                 * open coded manner. You see what this really does.
                 * We have to guarantee mem->res.limit < mem->memsw.limit.
                 */
                mutex_lock(&set_limit_mutex);
                memlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
                if (memlimit > val) {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);
                        break;
                }
                ret = res_counter_set_limit(&memcg->memsw, val);
                mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);

                if (!ret)
                        break;

                oldusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE);
                try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(memcg, GFP_KERNEL, true,
                                             get_swappiness(memcg));
                curusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE);
                if (curusage >= oldusage)
                        retry_count--;
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This routine traverse page_cgroup in given list and drop them all.
 * *And* this routine doesn't reclaim page itself, just removes page_cgroup.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
                                int node, int zid, enum lru_list lru)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
        struct page_cgroup *pc, *busy;
        unsigned long flags, loop;
        struct list_head *list;
        int ret = 0;

        zone = &NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones[zid];
        mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem, node, zid);
        list = &mz->lists[lru];

        loop = MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru);
        /* give some margin against EBUSY etc...*/
        loop += 256;
        busy = NULL;
        while (loop--) {
                ret = 0;
                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                if (list_empty(list)) {
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                        break;
                }
                pc = list_entry(list->prev, struct page_cgroup, lru);
                if (busy == pc) {
                        list_move(&pc->lru, list);
                        busy = 0;
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                        continue;
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

                ret = mem_cgroup_move_parent(pc, mem, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (ret == -ENOMEM)
                        break;

                if (ret == -EBUSY || ret == -EINVAL) {
                        /* found lock contention or "pc" is obsolete. */
                        busy = pc;
                        cond_resched();
                } else
                        busy = NULL;
        }

        if (!ret && !list_empty(list))
                return -EBUSY;
        return ret;
}

/*
 * make mem_cgroup's charge to be 0 if there is no task.
 * This enables deleting this mem_cgroup.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_force_empty(struct mem_cgroup *mem, bool free_all)
{
        int ret;
        int node, zid, shrink;
        int nr_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
        struct cgroup *cgrp = mem->css.cgroup;

        css_get(&mem->css);

        shrink = 0;
        /* should free all ? */
        if (free_all)
                goto try_to_free;
move_account:
        while (mem->res.usage > 0) {
                ret = -EBUSY;
                if (cgroup_task_count(cgrp) || !list_empty(&cgrp->children))
                        goto out;
                ret = -EINTR;
                if (signal_pending(current))
                        goto out;
                /* This is for making all *used* pages to be on LRU. */
                lru_add_drain_all();
                ret = 0;
                for_each_node_state(node, N_POSSIBLE) {
                        for (zid = 0; !ret && zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
                                enum lru_list l;
                                for_each_lru(l) {
                                        ret = mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(mem,
                                                        node, zid, l);
                                        if (ret)
                                                break;
                                }
                        }
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                }
                /* it seems parent cgroup doesn't have enough mem */
                if (ret == -ENOMEM)
                        goto try_to_free;
                cond_resched();
        }
        ret = 0;
out:
        css_put(&mem->css);
        return ret;

try_to_free:
        /* returns EBUSY if there is a task or if we come here twice. */
        if (cgroup_task_count(cgrp) || !list_empty(&cgrp->children) || shrink) {
                ret = -EBUSY;
                goto out;
        }
        /* we call try-to-free pages for make this cgroup empty */
        lru_add_drain_all();
        /* try to free all pages in this cgroup */
        shrink = 1;
        while (nr_retries && mem->res.usage > 0) {
                int progress;

                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        ret = -EINTR;
                        goto out;
                }
                progress = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(mem, GFP_KERNEL,
                                                false, get_swappiness(mem));
                if (!progress) {
                        nr_retries--;
                        /* maybe some writeback is necessary */
                        congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/10);
                }

        }
        lru_add_drain();
        /* try move_account...there may be some *locked* pages. */
        if (mem->res.usage)
                goto move_account;
        ret = 0;
        goto out;
}

int mem_cgroup_force_empty_write(struct cgroup *cont, unsigned int event)
{
        return mem_cgroup_force_empty(mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont), true);
}


static u64 mem_cgroup_hierarchy_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
{
        return mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont)->use_hierarchy;
}

static int mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
                                        u64 val)
{
        int retval = 0;
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        struct cgroup *parent = cont->parent;
        struct mem_cgroup *parent_mem = NULL;

        if (parent)
                parent_mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(parent);

        cgroup_lock();
        /*
         * If parent's use_hiearchy is set, we can't make any modifications
         * in the child subtrees. If it is unset, then the change can
         * occur, provided the current cgroup has no children.
         *
         * For the root cgroup, parent_mem is NULL, we allow value to be
         * set if there are no children.
         */
        if ((!parent_mem || !parent_mem->use_hierarchy) &&
                                (val == 1 || val == 0)) {
                if (list_empty(&cont->children))
                        mem->use_hierarchy = val;
                else
                        retval = -EBUSY;
        } else
                retval = -EINVAL;
        cgroup_unlock();

        return retval;
}

static u64 mem_cgroup_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        u64 val = 0;
        int type, name;

        type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
        name = MEMFILE_ATTR(cft->private);
        switch (type) {
        case _MEM:
                val = res_counter_read_u64(&mem->res, name);
                break;
        case _MEMSWAP:
                if (do_swap_account)
                        val = res_counter_read_u64(&mem->memsw, name);
                break;
        default:
                BUG();
                break;
        }
        return val;
}
/*
 * The user of this function is...
 * RES_LIMIT.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
                            const char *buffer)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        int type, name;
        unsigned long long val;
        int ret;

        type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
        name = MEMFILE_ATTR(cft->private);
        switch (name) {
        case RES_LIMIT:
                /* This function does all necessary parse...reuse it */
                ret = res_counter_memparse_write_strategy(buffer, &val);
                if (ret)
                        break;
                if (type == _MEM)
                        ret = mem_cgroup_resize_limit(memcg, val);
                else
                        ret = mem_cgroup_resize_memsw_limit(memcg, val);
                break;
        default:
                ret = -EINVAL; /* should be BUG() ? */
                break;
        }
        return ret;
}

static void memcg_get_hierarchical_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
                unsigned long long *mem_limit, unsigned long long *memsw_limit)
{
        struct cgroup *cgroup;
        unsigned long long min_limit, min_memsw_limit, tmp;

        min_limit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
        min_memsw_limit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
        cgroup = memcg->css.cgroup;
        if (!memcg->use_hierarchy)
                goto out;

        while (cgroup->parent) {
                cgroup = cgroup->parent;
                memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);
                if (!memcg->use_hierarchy)
                        break;
                tmp = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
                min_limit = min(min_limit, tmp);
                tmp = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
                min_memsw_limit = min(min_memsw_limit, tmp);
        }
out:
        *mem_limit = min_limit;
        *memsw_limit = min_memsw_limit;
        return;
}

static int mem_cgroup_reset(struct cgroup *cont, unsigned int event)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        int type, name;

        mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        type = MEMFILE_TYPE(event);
        name = MEMFILE_ATTR(event);
        switch (name) {
        case RES_MAX_USAGE:
                if (type == _MEM)
                        res_counter_reset_max(&mem->res);
                else
                        res_counter_reset_max(&mem->memsw);
                break;
        case RES_FAILCNT:
                if (type == _MEM)
                        res_counter_reset_failcnt(&mem->res);
                else
                        res_counter_reset_failcnt(&mem->memsw);
                break;
        }
        return 0;
}

static const struct mem_cgroup_stat_desc {
        const char *msg;
        u64 unit;
} mem_cgroup_stat_desc[] = {
        [MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE] = { "cache", PAGE_SIZE, },
        [MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS] = { "rss", PAGE_SIZE, },
        [MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGIN_COUNT] = {"pgpgin", 1, },
        [MEM_CGROUP_STAT_PGPGOUT_COUNT] = {"pgpgout", 1, },
};

static int mem_control_stat_show(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
                                 struct cgroup_map_cb *cb)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        struct mem_cgroup_stat *stat = &mem_cont->stat;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stat->cpustat[0].count); i++) {
                s64 val;

                val = mem_cgroup_read_stat(stat, i);
                val *= mem_cgroup_stat_desc[i].unit;
                cb->fill(cb, mem_cgroup_stat_desc[i].msg, val);
        }
        /* showing # of active pages */
        {
                unsigned long active_anon, inactive_anon;
                unsigned long active_file, inactive_file;
                unsigned long unevictable;

                inactive_anon = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(mem_cont,
                                                LRU_INACTIVE_ANON);
                active_anon = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(mem_cont,
                                                LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);
                inactive_file = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(mem_cont,
                                                LRU_INACTIVE_FILE);
                active_file = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(mem_cont,
                                                LRU_ACTIVE_FILE);
                unevictable = mem_cgroup_get_all_zonestat(mem_cont,
                                                        LRU_UNEVICTABLE);

                cb->fill(cb, "active_anon", (active_anon) * PAGE_SIZE);
                cb->fill(cb, "inactive_anon", (inactive_anon) * PAGE_SIZE);
                cb->fill(cb, "active_file", (active_file) * PAGE_SIZE);
                cb->fill(cb, "inactive_file", (inactive_file) * PAGE_SIZE);
                cb->fill(cb, "unevictable", unevictable * PAGE_SIZE);

        }
        {
                unsigned long long limit, memsw_limit;
                memcg_get_hierarchical_limit(mem_cont, &limit, &memsw_limit);
                cb->fill(cb, "hierarchical_memory_limit", limit);
                if (do_swap_account)
                        cb->fill(cb, "hierarchical_memsw_limit", memsw_limit);
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
        cb->fill(cb, "inactive_ratio", calc_inactive_ratio(mem_cont, NULL));

        {
                int nid, zid;
                struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
                unsigned long recent_rotated[2] = {0, 0};
                unsigned long recent_scanned[2] = {0, 0};

                for_each_online_node(nid)
                        for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
                                mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem_cont, nid, zid);

                                recent_rotated[0] +=
                                        mz->reclaim_stat.recent_rotated[0];
                                recent_rotated[1] +=
                                        mz->reclaim_stat.recent_rotated[1];
                                recent_scanned[0] +=
                                        mz->reclaim_stat.recent_scanned[0];
                                recent_scanned[1] +=
                                        mz->reclaim_stat.recent_scanned[1];
                        }
                cb->fill(cb, "recent_rotated_anon", recent_rotated[0]);
                cb->fill(cb, "recent_rotated_file", recent_rotated[1]);
                cb->fill(cb, "recent_scanned_anon", recent_scanned[0]);
                cb->fill(cb, "recent_scanned_file", recent_scanned[1]);
        }
#endif

        return 0;
}

static u64 mem_cgroup_swappiness_read(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);

        return get_swappiness(memcg);
}

static int mem_cgroup_swappiness_write(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft,
                                       u64 val)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
        struct mem_cgroup *parent;
        if (val > 100)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (cgrp->parent == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;

        parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp->parent);
        /* If under hierarchy, only empty-root can set this value */
        if ((parent->use_hierarchy) ||
            (memcg->use_hierarchy && !list_empty(&cgrp->children)))
                return -EINVAL;

        spin_lock(&memcg->reclaim_param_lock);
        memcg->swappiness = val;
        spin_unlock(&memcg->reclaim_param_lock);

        return 0;
}


static struct cftype mem_cgroup_files[] = {
        {
                .name = "usage_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_USAGE),
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "max_usage_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_MAX_USAGE),
                .trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "limit_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_LIMIT),
                .write_string = mem_cgroup_write,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "failcnt",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_FAILCNT),
                .trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "stat",
                .read_map = mem_control_stat_show,
        },
        {
                .name = "force_empty",
                .trigger = mem_cgroup_force_empty_write,
        },
        {
                .name = "use_hierarchy",
                .write_u64 = mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_hierarchy_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "swappiness",
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_swappiness_read,
                .write_u64 = mem_cgroup_swappiness_write,
        },
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
static struct cftype memsw_cgroup_files[] = {
        {
                .name = "memsw.usage_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_USAGE),
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "memsw.max_usage_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_MAX_USAGE),
                .trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "memsw.limit_in_bytes",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_LIMIT),
                .write_string = mem_cgroup_write,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
        {
                .name = "memsw.failcnt",
                .private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_FAILCNT),
                .trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
                .read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
        },
};

static int register_memsw_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
        if (!do_swap_account)
                return 0;
        return cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, memsw_cgroup_files,
                                ARRAY_SIZE(memsw_cgroup_files));
};
#else
static int register_memsw_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif

static int alloc_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(struct mem_cgroup *mem, int node)
{
        struct mem_cgroup_per_node *pn;
        struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
        enum lru_list l;
        int zone, tmp = node;
        /*
         * This routine is called against possible nodes.
         * But it's BUG to call kmalloc() against offline node.
         *
         * TODO: this routine can waste much memory for nodes which will
         *       never be onlined. It's better to use memory hotplug callback
         *       function.
         */
        if (!node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY))
                tmp = -1;
        pn = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*pn), GFP_KERNEL, tmp);
        if (!pn)
                return 1;

        mem->info.nodeinfo[node] = pn;
        memset(pn, 0, sizeof(*pn));

        for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
                mz = &pn->zoneinfo[zone];
                for_each_lru(l)
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mz->lists[l]);
        }
        return 0;
}

static void free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(struct mem_cgroup *mem, int node)
{
        kfree(mem->info.nodeinfo[node]);
}

static int mem_cgroup_size(void)
{
        int cpustat_size = nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu);
        return sizeof(struct mem_cgroup) + cpustat_size;
}

static struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_alloc(void)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        int size = mem_cgroup_size();

        if (size < PAGE_SIZE)
                mem = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
        else
                mem = vmalloc(size);

        if (mem)
                memset(mem, 0, size);
        return mem;
}

/*
 * At destroying mem_cgroup, references from swap_cgroup can remain.
 * (scanning all at force_empty is too costly...)
 *
 * Instead of clearing all references at force_empty, we remember
 * the number of reference from swap_cgroup and free mem_cgroup when
 * it goes down to 0.
 *
 * When mem_cgroup is destroyed, mem->obsolete will be set to 0 and
 * entry which points to this memcg will be ignore at swapin.
 *
 * Removal of cgroup itself succeeds regardless of refs from swap.
 */

static void mem_cgroup_free(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        int node;

        if (atomic_read(&mem->refcnt) > 0)
                return;


        for_each_node_state(node, N_POSSIBLE)
                free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(mem, node);

        if (mem_cgroup_size() < PAGE_SIZE)
                kfree(mem);
        else
                vfree(mem);
}

static void mem_cgroup_get(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        atomic_inc(&mem->refcnt);
}

static void mem_cgroup_put(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mem->refcnt)) {
                if (!mem->obsolete)
                        return;
                mem_cgroup_free(mem);
        }
}


#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
static void __init enable_swap_cgroup(void)
{
        if (!mem_cgroup_disabled() && really_do_swap_account)
                do_swap_account = 1;
}
#else
static void __init enable_swap_cgroup(void)
{
}
#endif

static struct cgroup_subsys_state *
mem_cgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem, *parent;
        int node;

        mem = mem_cgroup_alloc();
        if (!mem)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        for_each_node_state(node, N_POSSIBLE)
                if (alloc_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(mem, node))
                        goto free_out;
        /* root ? */
        if (cont->parent == NULL) {
                enable_swap_cgroup();
                parent = NULL;
        } else {
                parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont->parent);
                mem->use_hierarchy = parent->use_hierarchy;
        }

        if (parent && parent->use_hierarchy) {
                res_counter_init(&mem->res, &parent->res);
                res_counter_init(&mem->memsw, &parent->memsw);
        } else {
                res_counter_init(&mem->res, NULL);
                res_counter_init(&mem->memsw, NULL);
        }
        mem->last_scanned_child = NULL;
        spin_lock_init(&mem->reclaim_param_lock);

        if (parent)
                mem->swappiness = get_swappiness(parent);

        return &mem->css;
free_out:
        for_each_node_state(node, N_POSSIBLE)
                free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(mem, node);
        mem_cgroup_free(mem);
        return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}

static void mem_cgroup_pre_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
                                        struct cgroup *cont)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
        mem->obsolete = 1;
        mem_cgroup_force_empty(mem, false);
}

static void mem_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
                                struct cgroup *cont)
{
        mem_cgroup_free(mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont));
}

static int mem_cgroup_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
                                struct cgroup *cont)
{
        int ret;

        ret = cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, mem_cgroup_files,
                                ARRAY_SIZE(mem_cgroup_files));

        if (!ret)
                ret = register_memsw_files(cont, ss);
        return ret;
}

static void mem_cgroup_move_task(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
                                struct cgroup *cont,
                                struct cgroup *old_cont,
                                struct task_struct *p)
{
        /*
         * FIXME: It's better to move charges of this process from old
         * memcg to new memcg. But it's just on TODO-List now.
         */
}

struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys = {
        .name = "memory",
        .subsys_id = mem_cgroup_subsys_id,
        .create = mem_cgroup_create,
        .pre_destroy = mem_cgroup_pre_destroy,
        .destroy = mem_cgroup_destroy,
        .populate = mem_cgroup_populate,
        .attach = mem_cgroup_move_task,
        .early_init = 0,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP

static int __init disable_swap_account(char *s)
{
        really_do_swap_account = 0;
        return 1;
}
__setup("noswapaccount", disable_swap_account);
#endif