arch/mips/kernel/unaligned.c

   1 /*
   2  * Handle unaligned accesses by emulation.
   3  *
   4  * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
   5  * License.  See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
   6  * for more details.
   7  *
   8  * Copyright (C) 1996, 1998, 1999, 2002 by Ralf Baechle
   9  * Copyright (C) 1999 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
  10  *
  11  * This file contains exception handler for address error exception with the
  12  * special capability to execute faulting instructions in software.  The
  13  * handler does not try to handle the case when the program counter points
  14  * to an address not aligned to a word boundary.
  15  *
  16  * Putting data to unaligned addresses is a bad practice even on Intel where
  17  * only the performance is affected.  Much worse is that such code is non-
  18  * portable.  Due to several programs that die on MIPS due to alignment
  19  * problems I decided to implement this handler anyway though I originally
  20  * didn't intend to do this at all for user code.
  21  *
  22  * For now I enable fixing of address errors by default to make life easier.
  23  * I however intend to disable this somewhen in the future when the alignment
  24  * problems with user programs have been fixed.  For programmers this is the
  25  * right way to go.
  26  *
  27  * Fixing address errors is a per process option.  The option is inherited
  28  * across fork(2) and execve(2) calls.  If you really want to use the
  29  * option in your user programs - I discourage the use of the software
  30  * emulation strongly - use the following code in your userland stuff:
  31  *
  32  * #include <sys/sysmips.h>
  33  *
  34  * ...
  35  * sysmips(MIPS_FIXADE, x);
  36  * ...
  37  *
  38  * The argument x is 0 for disabling software emulation, enabled otherwise.
  39  *
  40  * Below a little program to play around with this feature.
  41  *
  42  * #include <stdio.h>
  43  * #include <sys/sysmips.h>
  44  *
  45  * struct foo {
  46  *         unsigned char bar[8];
  47  * };
  48  *
  49  * main(int argc, char *argv[])
  50  * {
  51  *         struct foo x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
  52  *         unsigned int *p = (unsigned int *) (x.bar + 3);
  53  *         int i;
  54  *
  55  *         if (argc > 1)
  56  *                 sysmips(MIPS_FIXADE, atoi(argv[1]));
  57  *
  58  *         printf("*p = %08lx\n", *p);
  59  *
  60  *         *p = 0xdeadface;
  61  *
  62  *         for(i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
  63  *         printf("%02x ", x.bar[i]);
  64  *         printf("\n");
  65  * }
  66  *
  67  * Coprocessor loads are not supported; I think this case is unimportant
  68  * in the practice.
  69  *
  70  * TODO: Handle ndc (attempted store to doubleword in uncached memory)
  71  *       exception for the R6000.
  72  *       A store crossing a page boundary might be executed only partially.
  73  *       Undo the partial store in this case.
  74  */
  75 #include <linux/mm.h>
  76 #include <linux/module.h>
  77 #include <linux/signal.h>
  78 #include <linux/smp.h>
  79 #include <linux/sched.h>
  80 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
  81 #include <asm/asm.h>
  82 #include <asm/branch.h>
  83 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
  84 #include <asm/inst.h>
  85 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  86 #include <asm/system.h>
  87
  88 #define STR(x)  __STR(x)
  89 #define __STR(x)  #x
  90
  91 enum {
  92         UNALIGNED_ACTION_QUIET,
  93         UNALIGNED_ACTION_SIGNAL,
  94         UNALIGNED_ACTION_SHOW,
  95 };
  96 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
  97 static u32 unaligned_instructions;
  98 static u32 unaligned_action;
  99 #else
 100 #define unaligned_action UNALIGNED_ACTION_QUIET
 101 #endif
 102 extern void show_registers(struct pt_regs *regs);
 103
 104 static inline int emulate_load_store_insn(struct pt_regs *regs,
 105         void __user *addr, unsigned int __user *pc,
 106         unsigned long **regptr, unsigned long *newvalue)
 107 {
 108         union mips_instruction insn;
 109         unsigned long value;
 110         unsigned int res;
 111
 112         regs->regs[0] = 0;
 113         *regptr=NULL;
 114
 115         /*
 116          * This load never faults.
 117          */
 118         __get_user(insn.word, pc);
 119
 120         switch (insn.i_format.opcode) {
 121         /*
 122          * These are instructions that a compiler doesn't generate.  We
 123          * can assume therefore that the code is MIPS-aware and
 124          * really buggy.  Emulating these instructions would break the
 125          * semantics anyway.
 126          */
 127         case ll_op:
 128         case lld_op:
 129         case sc_op:
 130         case scd_op:
 131
 132         /*
 133          * For these instructions the only way to create an address
 134          * error is an attempted access to kernel/supervisor address
 135          * space.
 136          */
 137         case ldl_op:
 138         case ldr_op:
 139         case lwl_op:
 140         case lwr_op:
 141         case sdl_op:
 142         case sdr_op:
 143         case swl_op:
 144         case swr_op:
 145         case lb_op:
 146         case lbu_op:
 147         case sb_op:
 148                 goto sigbus;
 149
 150         /*
 151          * The remaining opcodes are the ones that are really of interest.
 152          */
 153         case lh_op:
 154                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, addr, 2))
 155                         goto sigbus;
 156
 157                 __asm__ __volatile__ (".set\tnoat\n"
 158 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 159                         "1:\tlb\t%0, 0(%2)\n"
 160                         "2:\tlbu\t$1, 1(%2)\n\t"
 161 #endif
 162 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 163                         "1:\tlb\t%0, 1(%2)\n"
 164                         "2:\tlbu\t$1, 0(%2)\n\t"
 165 #endif
 166                         "sll\t%0, 0x8\n\t"
 167                         "or\t%0, $1\n\t"
 168                         "li\t%1, 0\n"
 169                         "3:\t.set\tat\n\t"
 170                         ".section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 171                         "4:\tli\t%1, %3\n\t"
 172                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 173                         ".previous\n\t"
 174                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 175                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 176                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 177                         ".previous"
 178                         : "=&r" (value), "=r" (res)
 179                         : "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 180                 if (res)
 181                         goto fault;
 182                 *newvalue = value;
 183                 *regptr = &regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 184                 break;
 185
 186         case lw_op:
 187                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, addr, 4))
 188                         goto sigbus;
 189
 190                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 191 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 192                         "1:\tlwl\t%0, (%2)\n"
 193                         "2:\tlwr\t%0, 3(%2)\n\t"
 194 #endif
 195 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 196                         "1:\tlwl\t%0, 3(%2)\n"
 197                         "2:\tlwr\t%0, (%2)\n\t"
 198 #endif
 199                         "li\t%1, 0\n"
 200                         "3:\t.section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 201                         "4:\tli\t%1, %3\n\t"
 202                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 203                         ".previous\n\t"
 204                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 205                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 206                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 207                         ".previous"
 208                         : "=&r" (value), "=r" (res)
 209                         : "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 210                 if (res)
 211                         goto fault;
 212                 *newvalue = value;
 213                 *regptr = &regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 214                 break;
 215
 216         case lhu_op:
 217                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, addr, 2))
 218                         goto sigbus;
 219
 220                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 221                         ".set\tnoat\n"
 222 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 223                         "1:\tlbu\t%0, 0(%2)\n"
 224                         "2:\tlbu\t$1, 1(%2)\n\t"
 225 #endif
 226 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 227                         "1:\tlbu\t%0, 1(%2)\n"
 228                         "2:\tlbu\t$1, 0(%2)\n\t"
 229 #endif
 230                         "sll\t%0, 0x8\n\t"
 231                         "or\t%0, $1\n\t"
 232                         "li\t%1, 0\n"
 233                         "3:\t.set\tat\n\t"
 234                         ".section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 235                         "4:\tli\t%1, %3\n\t"
 236                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 237                         ".previous\n\t"
 238                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 239                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 240                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 241                         ".previous"
 242                         : "=&r" (value), "=r" (res)
 243                         : "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 244                 if (res)
 245                         goto fault;
 246                 *newvalue = value;
 247                 *regptr = &regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 248                 break;
 249
 250         case lwu_op:
 251 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 252                 /*
 253                  * A 32-bit kernel might be running on a 64-bit processor.  But
 254                  * if we're on a 32-bit processor and an i-cache incoherency
 255                  * or race makes us see a 64-bit instruction here the sdl/sdr
 256                  * would blow up, so for now we don't handle unaligned 64-bit
 257                  * instructions on 32-bit kernels.
 258                  */
 259                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, addr, 4))
 260                         goto sigbus;
 261
 262                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 263 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 264                         "1:\tlwl\t%0, (%2)\n"
 265                         "2:\tlwr\t%0, 3(%2)\n\t"
 266 #endif
 267 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 268                         "1:\tlwl\t%0, 3(%2)\n"
 269                         "2:\tlwr\t%0, (%2)\n\t"
 270 #endif
 271                         "dsll\t%0, %0, 32\n\t"
 272                         "dsrl\t%0, %0, 32\n\t"
 273                         "li\t%1, 0\n"
 274                         "3:\t.section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 275                         "4:\tli\t%1, %3\n\t"
 276                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 277                         ".previous\n\t"
 278                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 279                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 280                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 281                         ".previous"
 282                         : "=&r" (value), "=r" (res)
 283                         : "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 284                 if (res)
 285                         goto fault;
 286                 *newvalue = value;
 287                 *regptr = &regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 288                 break;
 289 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
 290
 291                 /* Cannot handle 64-bit instructions in 32-bit kernel */
 292                 goto sigill;
 293
 294         case ld_op:
 295 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 296                 /*
 297                  * A 32-bit kernel might be running on a 64-bit processor.  But
 298                  * if we're on a 32-bit processor and an i-cache incoherency
 299                  * or race makes us see a 64-bit instruction here the sdl/sdr
 300                  * would blow up, so for now we don't handle unaligned 64-bit
 301                  * instructions on 32-bit kernels.
 302                  */
 303                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, addr, 8))
 304                         goto sigbus;
 305
 306                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 307 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 308                         "1:\tldl\t%0, (%2)\n"
 309                         "2:\tldr\t%0, 7(%2)\n\t"
 310 #endif
 311 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 312                         "1:\tldl\t%0, 7(%2)\n"
 313                         "2:\tldr\t%0, (%2)\n\t"
 314 #endif
 315                         "li\t%1, 0\n"
 316                         "3:\t.section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 317                         "4:\tli\t%1, %3\n\t"
 318                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 319                         ".previous\n\t"
 320                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 321                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 322                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 323                         ".previous"
 324                         : "=&r" (value), "=r" (res)
 325                         : "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 326                 if (res)
 327                         goto fault;
 328                 *newvalue = value;
 329                 *regptr = &regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 330                 break;
 331 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
 332
 333                 /* Cannot handle 64-bit instructions in 32-bit kernel */
 334                 goto sigill;
 335
 336         case sh_op:
 337                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, addr, 2))
 338                         goto sigbus;
 339
 340                 value = regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 341                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 342 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 343                         ".set\tnoat\n"
 344                         "1:\tsb\t%1, 1(%2)\n\t"
 345                         "srl\t$1, %1, 0x8\n"
 346                         "2:\tsb\t$1, 0(%2)\n\t"
 347                         ".set\tat\n\t"
 348 #endif
 349 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 350                         ".set\tnoat\n"
 351                         "1:\tsb\t%1, 0(%2)\n\t"
 352                         "srl\t$1,%1, 0x8\n"
 353                         "2:\tsb\t$1, 1(%2)\n\t"
 354                         ".set\tat\n\t"
 355 #endif
 356                         "li\t%0, 0\n"
 357                         "3:\n\t"
 358                         ".section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 359                         "4:\tli\t%0, %3\n\t"
 360                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 361                         ".previous\n\t"
 362                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 363                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 364                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 365                         ".previous"
 366                         : "=r" (res)
 367                         : "r" (value), "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 368                 if (res)
 369                         goto fault;
 370                 break;
 371
 372         case sw_op:
 373                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, addr, 4))
 374                         goto sigbus;
 375
 376                 value = regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 377                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 378 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 379                         "1:\tswl\t%1,(%2)\n"
 380                         "2:\tswr\t%1, 3(%2)\n\t"
 381 #endif
 382 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 383                         "1:\tswl\t%1, 3(%2)\n"
 384                         "2:\tswr\t%1, (%2)\n\t"
 385 #endif
 386                         "li\t%0, 0\n"
 387                         "3:\n\t"
 388                         ".section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 389                         "4:\tli\t%0, %3\n\t"
 390                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 391                         ".previous\n\t"
 392                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 393                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 394                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 395                         ".previous"
 396                 : "=r" (res)
 397                 : "r" (value), "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 398                 if (res)
 399                         goto fault;
 400                 break;
 401
 402         case sd_op:
 403 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 404                 /*
 405                  * A 32-bit kernel might be running on a 64-bit processor.  But
 406                  * if we're on a 32-bit processor and an i-cache incoherency
 407                  * or race makes us see a 64-bit instruction here the sdl/sdr
 408                  * would blow up, so for now we don't handle unaligned 64-bit
 409                  * instructions on 32-bit kernels.
 410                  */
 411                 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, addr, 8))
 412                         goto sigbus;
 413
 414                 value = regs->regs[insn.i_format.rt];
 415                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
 416 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
 417                         "1:\tsdl\t%1,(%2)\n"
 418                         "2:\tsdr\t%1, 7(%2)\n\t"
 419 #endif
 420 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
 421                         "1:\tsdl\t%1, 7(%2)\n"
 422                         "2:\tsdr\t%1, (%2)\n\t"
 423 #endif
 424                         "li\t%0, 0\n"
 425                         "3:\n\t"
 426                         ".section\t.fixup,\"ax\"\n\t"
 427                         "4:\tli\t%0, %3\n\t"
 428                         "j\t3b\n\t"
 429                         ".previous\n\t"
 430                         ".section\t__ex_table,\"a\"\n\t"
 431                         STR(PTR)"\t1b, 4b\n\t"
 432                         STR(PTR)"\t2b, 4b\n\t"
 433                         ".previous"
 434                 : "=r" (res)
 435                 : "r" (value), "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT));
 436                 if (res)
 437                         goto fault;
 438                 break;
 439 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
 440
 441                 /* Cannot handle 64-bit instructions in 32-bit kernel */
 442                 goto sigill;
 443
 444         case lwc1_op:
 445         case ldc1_op:
 446         case swc1_op:
 447         case sdc1_op:
 448                 /*
 449                  * I herewith declare: this does not happen.  So send SIGBUS.
 450                  */
 451                 goto sigbus;
 452
 453         case lwc2_op:
 454         case ldc2_op:
 455         case swc2_op:
 456         case sdc2_op:
 457                 /*
 458                  * These are the coprocessor 2 load/stores.  The current
 459                  * implementations don't use cp2 and cp2 should always be
 460                  * disabled in c0_status.  So send SIGILL.
 461                  * (No longer true: The Sony Praystation uses cp2 for
 462                  * 3D matrix operations.  Dunno if that thingy has a MMU ...)
 463                  */
 464         default:
 465                 /*
 466                  * Pheeee...  We encountered an yet unknown instruction or
 467                  * cache coherence problem.  Die sucker, die ...
 468                  */
 469                 goto sigill;
 470         }
 471
 472 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
 473         unaligned_instructions++;
 474 #endif
 475
 476         return 0;
 477
 478 fault:
 479         /* Did we have an exception handler installed? */
 480         if (fixup_exception(regs))
 481                 return 1;
 482
 483         die_if_kernel ("Unhandled kernel unaligned access", regs);
 484         send_sig(SIGSEGV, current, 1);
 485
 486         return 0;
 487
 488 sigbus:
 489         die_if_kernel("Unhandled kernel unaligned access", regs);
 490         send_sig(SIGBUS, current, 1);
 491
 492         return 0;
 493
 494 sigill:
 495         die_if_kernel("Unhandled kernel unaligned access or invalid instruction", regs);
 496         send_sig(SIGILL, current, 1);
 497
 498         return 0;
 499 }
 500
 501 asmlinkage void do_ade(struct pt_regs *regs)
 502 {
 503         unsigned long *regptr, newval;
 504         extern int do_dsemulret(struct pt_regs *);
 505         unsigned int __user *pc;
 506         mm_segment_t seg;
 507
 508         /*
 509          * Address errors may be deliberately induced by the FPU emulator to
 510          * retake control of the CPU after executing the instruction in the
 511          * delay slot of an emulated branch.
 512          */
 513         /* Terminate if exception was recognized as a delay slot return */
 514         if (do_dsemulret(regs))
 515                 return;
 516
 517         /* Otherwise handle as normal */
 518
 519         /*
 520          * Did we catch a fault trying to load an instruction?
 521          * Or are we running in MIPS16 mode?
 522          */
 523         if ((regs->cp0_badvaddr == regs->cp0_epc) || (regs->cp0_epc & 0x1))
 524                 goto sigbus;
 525
 526         pc = (unsigned int __user *) exception_epc(regs);
 527         if (user_mode(regs) && (current->thread.mflags & MF_FIXADE) == 0)
 528                 goto sigbus;
 529         if (unaligned_action == UNALIGNED_ACTION_SIGNAL)
 530                 goto sigbus;
 531         else if (unaligned_action == UNALIGNED_ACTION_SHOW)
 532                 show_registers(regs);
 533
 534         /*
 535          * Do branch emulation only if we didn't forward the exception.
 536          * This is all so but ugly ...
 537          */
 538         seg = get_fs();
 539         if (!user_mode(regs))
 540                 set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
 541         if (!emulate_load_store_insn(regs, (void __user *)regs->cp0_badvaddr, pc,
 542                                      &regptr, &newval)) {
 543                 compute_return_epc(regs);
 544                 /*
 545                  * Now that branch is evaluated, update the dest
 546                  * register if necessary
 547                  */
 548                 if (regptr)
 549                         *regptr = newval;
 550         }
 551         set_fs(seg);
 552
 553         return;
 554
 555 sigbus:
 556         die_if_kernel("Kernel unaligned instruction access", regs);
 557         force_sig(SIGBUS, current);
 558
 559         /*
 560          * XXX On return from the signal handler we should advance the epc
 561          */
 562 }
 563
 564 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
 565 extern struct dentry *mips_debugfs_dir;
 566 static int __init debugfs_unaligned(void)
 567 {
 568         struct dentry *d;
 569
 570         if (!mips_debugfs_dir)
 571                 return -ENODEV;
 572         d = debugfs_create_u32("unaligned_instructions", S_IRUGO,
 573                                mips_debugfs_dir, &unaligned_instructions);
 574         if (IS_ERR(d))
 575                 return PTR_ERR(d);
 576         d = debugfs_create_u32("unaligned_action", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
 577                                mips_debugfs_dir, &unaligned_action);
 578         if (IS_ERR(d))
 579                 return PTR_ERR(d);
 580         return 0;
 581 }
 582 __initcall(debugfs_unaligned);
 583 #endif