2 * linux/arch/alpha/kernel/time.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2000 Linus Torvalds
6 * This file contains the PC-specific time handling details:
7 * reading the RTC at bootup, etc..
8 * 1994-07-02 Alan Modra
9 * fixed set_rtc_mmss, fixed time.year for >= 2000, new mktime
10 * 1995-03-26 Markus Kuhn
11 * fixed 500 ms bug at call to set_rtc_mmss, fixed DS12887
12 * precision CMOS clock update
13 * 1997-09-10 Updated NTP code according to technical memorandum Jan '96
14 * "A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" by Dave Mills
15 * 1997-01-09 Adrian Sun
16 * use interval timer if CONFIG_RTC=y
17 * 1997-10-29 John Bowman (bowman@math.ualberta.ca)
18 * fixed tick loss calculation in timer_interrupt
19 * (round system clock to nearest tick instead of truncating)
20 * fixed algorithm in time_init for getting time from CMOS clock
21 * 1999-04-16 Thorsten Kranzkowski (dl8bcu@gmx.net)
22 * fixed algorithm in do_gettimeofday() for calculating the precise time
23 * from processor cycle counter (now taking lost_ticks into account)
24 * 2000-08-13 Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
25 * Fixed time_init to be aware of epoches != 1900. This prevents
26 * booting up in 2048 for me;) Code is stolen from rtc.c.
27 * 2003-06-03 R. Scott Bailey <scott.bailey@eds.com>
28 * Tighten sanity in time_init from 1% (10,000 PPM) to 250 PPM
30 #include <linux/errno.h>
31 #include <linux/module.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <linux/kernel.h>
34 #include <linux/param.h>
35 #include <linux/string.h>
37 #include <linux/delay.h>
38 #include <linux/ioport.h>
39 #include <linux/irq.h>
40 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/bcd.h>
43 #include <linux/profile.h>
45 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
47 #include <asm/hwrpb.h>
48 #include <asm/8253pit.h>
50 #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
51 #include <linux/time.h>
52 #include <linux/timex.h>
57 static int set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long);
59 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rtc_lock);
60 EXPORT_SYMBOL(rtc_lock);
62 #define TICK_SIZE (tick_nsec / 1000)
65 * Shift amount by which scaled_ticks_per_cycle is scaled. Shifting
66 * by 48 gives us 16 bits for HZ while keeping the accuracy good even
67 * for large CPU clock rates.
71 /* lump static variables together for more efficient access: */
73 /* cycle counter last time it got invoked */
75 /* ticks/cycle * 2^48 */
76 unsigned long scaled_ticks_per_cycle;
77 /* last time the CMOS clock got updated */
78 time_t last_rtc_update;
79 /* partial unused tick */
80 unsigned long partial_tick;
83 unsigned long est_cycle_freq;
86 static inline __u32 rpcc(void)
89 asm volatile ("rpcc %0" : "=r"(result));
94 * timer_interrupt() needs to keep up the real-time clock,
95 * as well as call the "do_timer()" routine every clocktick
97 irqreturn_t timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev)
104 /* Not SMP, do kernel PC profiling here. */
105 profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING);
108 write_seqlock(&xtime_lock);
111 * Calculate how many ticks have passed since the last update,
112 * including any previous partial leftover. Save any resulting
113 * fraction for the next pass.
116 delta = now - state.last_time;
117 state.last_time = now;
118 delta = delta * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle + state.partial_tick;
119 state.partial_tick = delta & ((1UL << FIX_SHIFT) - 1);
120 nticks = delta >> FIX_SHIFT;
126 * If we have an externally synchronized Linux clock, then update
127 * CMOS clock accordingly every ~11 minutes. Set_rtc_mmss() has to be
128 * called as close as possible to 500 ms before the new second starts.
131 && xtime.tv_sec > state.last_rtc_update + 660
132 && xtime.tv_nsec >= 500000 - ((unsigned) TICK_SIZE) / 2
133 && xtime.tv_nsec <= 500000 + ((unsigned) TICK_SIZE) / 2) {
134 int tmp = set_rtc_mmss(xtime.tv_sec);
135 state.last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec - (tmp ? 600 : 0);
138 write_sequnlock(&xtime_lock);
142 update_process_times(user_mode(get_irq_regs()));
149 common_init_rtc(void)
153 /* Reset periodic interrupt frequency. */
154 x = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & 0x3f;
155 /* Test includes known working values on various platforms
156 where 0x26 is wrong; we refuse to change those. */
157 if (x != 0x26 && x != 0x25 && x != 0x19 && x != 0x06) {
158 printk("Setting RTC_FREQ to 1024 Hz (%x)\n", x);
159 CMOS_WRITE(0x26, RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
162 /* Turn on periodic interrupts. */
163 x = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL);
164 if (!(x & RTC_PIE)) {
165 printk("Turning on RTC interrupts.\n");
167 x &= ~(RTC_AIE | RTC_UIE);
168 CMOS_WRITE(x, RTC_CONTROL);
170 (void) CMOS_READ(RTC_INTR_FLAGS);
172 outb(0x36, 0x43); /* pit counter 0: system timer */
176 outb(0xb6, 0x43); /* pit counter 2: speaker */
184 /* Validate a computed cycle counter result against the known bounds for
185 the given processor core. There's too much brokenness in the way of
186 timing hardware for any one method to work everywhere. :-(
188 Return 0 if the result cannot be trusted, otherwise return the argument. */
190 static unsigned long __init
191 validate_cc_value(unsigned long cc)
193 static struct bounds {
194 unsigned int min, max;
195 } cpu_hz[] __initdata = {
196 [EV3_CPU] = { 50000000, 200000000 }, /* guess */
197 [EV4_CPU] = { 100000000, 300000000 },
198 [LCA4_CPU] = { 100000000, 300000000 }, /* guess */
199 [EV45_CPU] = { 200000000, 300000000 },
200 [EV5_CPU] = { 250000000, 433000000 },
201 [EV56_CPU] = { 333000000, 667000000 },
202 [PCA56_CPU] = { 400000000, 600000000 }, /* guess */
203 [PCA57_CPU] = { 500000000, 600000000 }, /* guess */
204 [EV6_CPU] = { 466000000, 600000000 },
205 [EV67_CPU] = { 600000000, 750000000 },
206 [EV68AL_CPU] = { 750000000, 940000000 },
207 [EV68CB_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1333333333 },
208 /* None of the following are shipping as of 2001-11-01. */
209 [EV68CX_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1700000000 }, /* guess */
210 [EV69_CPU] = { 1000000000, 1700000000 }, /* guess */
211 [EV7_CPU] = { 800000000, 1400000000 }, /* guess */
212 [EV79_CPU] = { 1000000000, 2000000000 }, /* guess */
215 /* Allow for some drift in the crystal. 10MHz is more than enough. */
216 const unsigned int deviation = 10000000;
218 struct percpu_struct *cpu;
221 cpu = (struct percpu_struct *)((char*)hwrpb + hwrpb->processor_offset);
222 index = cpu->type & 0xffffffff;
224 /* If index out of bounds, no way to validate. */
225 if (index >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu_hz))
228 /* If index contains no data, no way to validate. */
229 if (cpu_hz[index].max == 0)
232 if (cc < cpu_hz[index].min - deviation
233 || cc > cpu_hz[index].max + deviation)
241 * Calibrate CPU clock using legacy 8254 timer/counter. Stolen from
245 #define CALIBRATE_LATCH 0xffff
246 #define TIMEOUT_COUNT 0x100000
248 static unsigned long __init
249 calibrate_cc_with_pit(void)
253 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
254 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
257 * Now let's take care of CTC channel 2
259 * Set the Gate high, program CTC channel 2 for mode 0,
260 * (interrupt on terminal count mode), binary count,
261 * load 5 * LATCH count, (LSB and MSB) to begin countdown.
263 outb(0xb0, 0x43); /* binary, mode 0, LSB/MSB, Ch 2 */
264 outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH & 0xff, 0x42); /* LSB of count */
265 outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH >> 8, 0x42); /* MSB of count */
270 } while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0 && count < TIMEOUT_COUNT);
273 /* Error: ECTCNEVERSET or ECPUTOOFAST. */
274 if (count <= 1 || count == TIMEOUT_COUNT)
277 return ((long)cc * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (CALIBRATE_LATCH + 1);
280 /* The Linux interpretation of the CMOS clock register contents:
281 When the Update-In-Progress (UIP) flag goes from 1 to 0, the
282 RTC registers show the second which has precisely just started.
283 Let's hope other operating systems interpret the RTC the same way. */
285 static unsigned long __init
286 rpcc_after_update_in_progress(void)
288 do { } while (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP));
289 do { } while (CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP);
297 unsigned int year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, cc1, cc2, epoch;
298 unsigned long cycle_freq, tolerance;
301 /* Calibrate CPU clock -- attempt #1. */
303 est_cycle_freq = validate_cc_value(calibrate_cc_with_pit());
307 /* Calibrate CPU clock -- attempt #2. */
308 if (!est_cycle_freq) {
309 cc1 = rpcc_after_update_in_progress();
310 cc2 = rpcc_after_update_in_progress();
311 est_cycle_freq = validate_cc_value(cc2 - cc1);
315 cycle_freq = hwrpb->cycle_freq;
316 if (est_cycle_freq) {
317 /* If the given value is within 250 PPM of what we calculated,
318 accept it. Otherwise, use what we found. */
319 tolerance = cycle_freq / 4000;
320 diff = cycle_freq - est_cycle_freq;
323 if ((unsigned long)diff > tolerance) {
324 cycle_freq = est_cycle_freq;
325 printk("HWRPB cycle frequency bogus. "
326 "Estimated %lu Hz\n", cycle_freq);
330 } else if (! validate_cc_value (cycle_freq)) {
331 printk("HWRPB cycle frequency bogus, "
332 "and unable to estimate a proper value!\n");
335 /* From John Bowman <bowman@math.ualberta.ca>: allow the values
336 to settle, as the Update-In-Progress bit going low isn't good
337 enough on some hardware. 2ms is our guess; we haven't found
338 bogomips yet, but this is close on a 500Mhz box. */
341 sec = CMOS_READ(RTC_SECONDS);
342 min = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
343 hour = CMOS_READ(RTC_HOURS);
344 day = CMOS_READ(RTC_DAY_OF_MONTH);
345 mon = CMOS_READ(RTC_MONTH);
346 year = CMOS_READ(RTC_YEAR);
348 if (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL) & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
357 /* PC-like is standard; used for year >= 70 */
361 else if (year >= 20 && year < 48)
364 else if (year >= 48 && year < 70)
365 /* Digital UNIX epoch */
368 printk(KERN_INFO "Using epoch = %d\n", epoch);
370 if ((year += epoch) < 1970)
373 xtime.tv_sec = mktime(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec);
376 wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec -= xtime.tv_sec;
377 wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec = 0;
380 extern void __you_loose (void);
384 state.last_time = cc1;
385 state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
386 = ((unsigned long) HZ << FIX_SHIFT) / cycle_freq;
387 state.last_rtc_update = 0;
388 state.partial_tick = 0L;
390 /* Startup the timer source. */
395 * Use the cycle counter to estimate an displacement from the last time
396 * tick. Unfortunately the Alpha designers made only the low 32-bits of
397 * the cycle counter active, so we overflow on 8.2 seconds on a 500MHz
398 * part. So we can't do the "find absolute time in terms of cycles" thing
399 * that the other ports do.
402 do_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
405 unsigned long sec, usec, seq;
406 unsigned long delta_cycles, delta_usec, partial_tick;
409 seq = read_seqbegin_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
411 delta_cycles = rpcc() - state.last_time;
413 usec = (xtime.tv_nsec / 1000);
414 partial_tick = state.partial_tick;
416 } while (read_seqretry_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, seq, flags));
419 /* Until and unless we figure out how to get cpu cycle counters
420 in sync and keep them there, we can't use the rpcc tricks. */
424 * usec = cycles * ticks_per_cycle * 2**48 * 1e6 / (2**48 * ticks)
425 * = cycles * (s_t_p_c) * 1e6 / (2**48 * ticks)
426 * = cycles * (s_t_p_c) * 15625 / (2**42 * ticks)
428 * which, given a 600MHz cycle and a 1024Hz tick, has a
429 * dynamic range of about 1.7e17, which is less than the
430 * 1.8e19 in an unsigned long, so we are safe from overflow.
432 * Round, but with .5 up always, since .5 to even is harder
433 * with no clear gain.
436 delta_usec = (delta_cycles * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
437 + partial_tick) * 15625;
438 delta_usec = ((delta_usec / ((1UL << (FIX_SHIFT-6-1)) * HZ)) + 1) / 2;
442 if (usec >= 1000000) {
451 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_gettimeofday);
454 do_settimeofday(struct timespec *tv)
456 time_t wtm_sec, sec = tv->tv_sec;
457 long wtm_nsec, nsec = tv->tv_nsec;
458 unsigned long delta_nsec;
460 if ((unsigned long)tv->tv_nsec >= NSEC_PER_SEC)
463 write_seqlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
465 /* The offset that is added into time in do_gettimeofday above
466 must be subtracted out here to keep a coherent view of the
467 time. Without this, a full-tick error is possible. */
472 delta_nsec = rpcc() - state.last_time;
473 delta_nsec = (delta_nsec * state.scaled_ticks_per_cycle
474 + state.partial_tick) * 15625;
475 delta_nsec = ((delta_nsec / ((1UL << (FIX_SHIFT-6-1)) * HZ)) + 1) / 2;
481 wtm_sec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec + (xtime.tv_sec - sec);
482 wtm_nsec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec + (xtime.tv_nsec - nsec);
484 set_normalized_timespec(&xtime, sec, nsec);
485 set_normalized_timespec(&wall_to_monotonic, wtm_sec, wtm_nsec);
489 write_sequnlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
494 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_settimeofday);
498 * In order to set the CMOS clock precisely, set_rtc_mmss has to be
499 * called 500 ms after the second nowtime has started, because when
500 * nowtime is written into the registers of the CMOS clock, it will
501 * jump to the next second precisely 500 ms later. Check the Motorola
502 * MC146818A or Dallas DS12887 data sheet for details.
504 * BUG: This routine does not handle hour overflow properly; it just
505 * sets the minutes. Usually you won't notice until after reboot!
510 set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long nowtime)
513 int real_seconds, real_minutes, cmos_minutes;
514 unsigned char save_control, save_freq_select;
516 /* irq are locally disabled here */
517 spin_lock(&rtc_lock);
518 /* Tell the clock it's being set */
519 save_control = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL);
520 CMOS_WRITE((save_control|RTC_SET), RTC_CONTROL);
522 /* Stop and reset prescaler */
523 save_freq_select = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
524 CMOS_WRITE((save_freq_select|RTC_DIV_RESET2), RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
526 cmos_minutes = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
527 if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD)
528 BCD_TO_BIN(cmos_minutes);
531 * since we're only adjusting minutes and seconds,
532 * don't interfere with hour overflow. This avoids
533 * messing with unknown time zones but requires your
534 * RTC not to be off by more than 15 minutes
536 real_seconds = nowtime % 60;
537 real_minutes = nowtime / 60;
538 if (((abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) + 15)/30) & 1) {
539 /* correct for half hour time zone */
544 if (abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) < 30) {
545 if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
546 BIN_TO_BCD(real_seconds);
547 BIN_TO_BCD(real_minutes);
549 CMOS_WRITE(real_seconds,RTC_SECONDS);
550 CMOS_WRITE(real_minutes,RTC_MINUTES);
553 "set_rtc_mmss: can't update from %d to %d\n",
554 cmos_minutes, real_minutes);
558 /* The following flags have to be released exactly in this order,
559 * otherwise the DS12887 (popular MC146818A clone with integrated
560 * battery and quartz) will not reset the oscillator and will not
561 * update precisely 500 ms later. You won't find this mentioned in
562 * the Dallas Semiconductor data sheets, but who believes data
563 * sheets anyway ... -- Markus Kuhn
565 CMOS_WRITE(save_control, RTC_CONTROL);
566 CMOS_WRITE(save_freq_select, RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
567 spin_unlock(&rtc_lock);